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Humans can be exposed to NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> through contaminated drinking water due to its improper and unchecked usage in industries and as herbicide. NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> is also present as a major stable by\u2010product in drinking water that has been disinfected with chlorine dioxide. In this study, we have investigated the effect of a single acute oral dose of NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> on rat kidney. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into one control and four NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> treated groups that were orally given different doses of NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and euthanized 24\u2009hr after the treatment. Oral administration of NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> resulted in increased hydrogen peroxide levels, lipid, and protein oxidation while thiol and glutathione content and activities of brush border membrane enzymes were decreased in kidney in a NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> dose\u2010dependent manner. Significant alterations in the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and antioxidant defense were also observed. Administration of NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> induced DNA fragmentation and increased DNA\u2013protein cross\u2010linking. Histological studies showed marked damage in kidney from NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> treated animals. These results strongly suggest that NaClO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> induces nephrotoxicity via redox imbalance that results in DNA and membrane damage, metabolic alterations and brush border membrane enzyme dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22624","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,24]],"date-time":"2018-08-24T16:54:02Z","timestamp":1535129642000},"page":"1182-1194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Acute renal toxicity of sodium chlorate: Redox imbalance, enhanced DNA damage, metabolic alterations and inhibition of brush border membrane enzymes in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shaikh Nisar","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Aligarh Muslim University  Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussain","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences Aligarh Muslim University  Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aijaz Ahmed","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine J. 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