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The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of <jats:italic>Turnera diffusa<\/jats:italic> Willd (damiana) on counteracting fenitrothion (FNT) and\/or potassium dichromate (CrVI)\u2010induced testicular toxicity and oxidative injury in rats. FNT and\/or CrVI intoxicated animals revealed a significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydrogen peroxide levels. While, reduced glutathione and protein content, as well as antioxidant enzymes, phosphatases, and aminotransferases activities, were significantly decreased. In addition, significant changes in testosterone and follicle\u2010stimulating hormone levels were detected. Furthermore, histological and immunohistochemical alterations were observed in rat testes and this supported the observed biochemical changes. On the other hand, rats treated with damiana alone decreased lipid peroxidation and increased most of the examined parameters. Moreover, damiana pretreatment to FNT and\/or CrVI\u2010intoxicated rats showed significant improvement in lipid peroxidation, enzyme activities, and hormones as compared with their respective treated groups. Conclusively, rats treated with both FNT and\/or CrVI showed pronounced hazardous effect especially in their combination group in addition, <jats:italic>Turnera diffusa<\/jats:italic> had a potential protective role against FNT and\/or CrVI induced testicular toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]],"date-time":"2018-12-22T10:54:05Z","timestamp":1545476045000},"page":"330-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Modulatory effect of <i>Turnera diffusa<\/i> against testicular toxicity induced by fenitrothion and\/or hexavalent chromium in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5624-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma M.","family":"El\u2010Demerdash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali B.","family":"Jebur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoda M.","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pest Control and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Agriculture Damanhour University  Damanhour Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanin M.","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, University of Alexandria  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.20395"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233715600333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2009.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/ajptsp.2014.177.188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2012.07.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10408449309104073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2004.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1130070604"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2006.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2011.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(90)90007-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2007.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4878(01)00004-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2011.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2004.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np060253r"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","unstructured":"TomlinCDS. 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