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Studies have confirmed long\u2010term exposure to the particles could decrease the pulmonary function, induce asthma exacerbation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as increase the incidence and mortality of lung cancer. A clinical study has explored that the prevalence and risks of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in various chronic disease and toxins induced tissue damage. Our current study aimed to explore the mechanism and further therapeutic potential of VD administration to ameliorate fine particles exposure induced pulmonary damage in vivo and in vitro. To elucidate the effects and mechanisms of VD in particles\u2010induced pulmonary damage, a murine model was established with fine particles intratracheal instillation along with VD intramuscular injection. Our study demonstrated that treatment with VD attenuated particles\u2010induced pulmonary damage and promoted tissue repair by repressing of TGF\u03b21 signaling pathway and upregulation of MMP9 expression. 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Our work explored a novel potential mechanism in the protection of VD in particles\u2010induced pulmonary injury and tissue repair, and could further bring insights into exploring antifine particles exposure caused inflammation among other natural products and contributes to inflammation disease medical therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22726","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,30]],"date-time":"2019-01-30T09:40:09Z","timestamp":1548841209000},"page":"594-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Vitamin D protects against particles\u2010caused lung injury through induction of autophagy in an Nrf2\u2010dependent manner"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6765-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shasha","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology Chongqing 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