{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:10:41Z","timestamp":1790673041728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015R1A4A1041219"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015R1A4A1041219"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>meta<\/jats:italic>\u2010Xylene (<jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene) is one of three isomers of xylene, which is widely used as a solvent and detergent in various industries and medical technology. Exposure to volatile organic compounds, such as <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene, causes pulmonary inflammation and airway inflammation, thereby contributing to the onset of asthma<jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:styled-content> Exposure to <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene increases acute wheezing and intensity of asthma symptom. However, the mechanism of the onset of asthma by <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene has not been studied yet. C57BL\/6 mice were sensitized and challenged by <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene at 100 or 300\u2009mg\/kg. The mice were then sacrificed after the last challenge. Exposure to <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene increased the total number of inflammatory cells and the production of interleukin (IL)\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u201013, and immunoglobulin E related to the Th2 immune response. In contrast, the production of interferon\u2010\u03b3 related to the Th1 immune response was decreased. In addition, the airway resistance increased according to the airway hyper\u2010responsiveness measurements. Finally, a histological analysis revealed infiltration of inflammatory cells, mucus production, and lung fibrosis. These results suggest that <jats:italic>m<\/jats:italic>\u2010xylene is a potential risk factor for asthma and the onset of asthma is caused by TH2 cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T06:14:42Z","timestamp":1561529682000},"page":"1121-1128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Role of Th2 cytokines on the onset of asthma induced by <i>meta<\/i>\u2010xylene in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Seong\u2010Gyeol","family":"Hong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Sunchon National University  Suncheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Ho","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Sunchon National University  Suncheon Republic of 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