{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T20:22:14Z","timestamp":1768594934462,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1573084800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LY16H280013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LY16H280013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Testicular damage is the anomaly that will often accompany diabetes mellitus. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role that total flavonoids of Epimedium (TFE) played against streptozotocin (STZ)\u2010induced diabetic testicular dysfunction and to elucidate the mechanism of action. The diabetic rat model was induced by vein injection of STZ in healthy rats. Thirty male healthy Spraque\u2010Dawley rats were randomly divided into following groups: the control group, the diabetic group, and the diabetic + TFE group. Gastrointestinal administration begins at fifth week of TFE for 6\u2009weeks. After TFE administration, all animals were euthanized. Testicular tissue samples and blood samples of rats were collected for histopathological examination and for determination of levels of various biomarkers including blood glucose, testosterone, testicular enzymes, and oxidative stress indicators. All testes were weighted to calculate the testicular organ index. Hematoxylin\u2010eosin staining was used for observing the testis and epididymis pathological changes. Protein expression (monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101, transforming growth factor\u2010beta\u20101, interleukin\u20106, and 3\u2010beta\u2010hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase) was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot techniques. There was a significant difference in the changes between the diabetes group and the control group. As a result of treat with TFE, the blood glucose decreased but there was no significant difference, and other indicators showed significant improvement. TFE may protect against STZ\u2010induced testicular injury by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]],"date-time":"2019-11-07T09:26:29Z","timestamp":1573118789000},"page":"268-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Total flavonoids of Epimedium ameliorates testicular damage in streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhangliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinguo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinghao","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3203-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minyou","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institution of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang University of Technology  Hangzhou Zhejiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.134245"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)36028-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13179"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.11.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.08.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.02.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29252\/ijrm.15.4.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-017-1554-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2164\/jandrol.108.005132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.12.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27278"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2014.01.009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Natural medicines used in the traditional Tibetan medical system for the treatment of liver diseases","volume":"92","author":"Li Q","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Anti\u2010oxidation on total flavones of Epimedium in vitro","volume":"30","author":"Zhao WH","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Nanchang Univ (Nat Sci)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.110568"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","article-title":"Protective effect of total flavonoids of herba epimedii on testis degeneration in diabetic mice","volume":"29","author":"Shi J","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-0495(91)90028-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","article-title":"Effect of total terpenes of Cornus officinalis Sieb. on hypogonadism in streptozotocin (STZ)\u2010induced diabetic rats","volume":"10","author":"Huang HF","year":"2017","journal-title":"International journal of clinical and experimental medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.11.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.02.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.01.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","volume-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas","author":"Nam HC"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1008-682X.150844"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2017.03.074"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmx033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2016.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12567"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(01)00320-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2014.937504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfda.2016.03.009"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","first-page":"218","article-title":"Effects of Liraglutide combined with insulin on oxidative stress and serum MCP\u20101 and NF\u2010kB levels in type 2 diabetes","volume":"29","author":"Liu X","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Coll Physici"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","article-title":"Phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of the testicular macrophage population: a new regulatory model","volume":"97","author":"Winnal WR","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of reproductive immunocology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.2983"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","first-page":"962","article-title":"Effects of activation of ALDH2 by ethanol in testis injury of type 2 diabetic rats","volume":"31","author":"Li HH","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chinese Pharmacol Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/014850101753145933"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aad9943"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2017.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2013.05.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","article-title":"IL\u20106 mediates differentiation disorder during spermatogenesis in obesity\u2010associated inflammation by affecting the expression of Zfp637 through the SOCS3\/STAT3 pathway","volume":"6","author":"Huang G","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ftox.22864","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.22864","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/tox.22864","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.22864","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,7]],"date-time":"2023-09-07T16:30:46Z","timestamp":1694104246000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.22864"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.22864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.22864","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-16","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-07","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}