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Miconazole, a Food and Drug Administration\u2010approved antifungal drug, has been implicated in oncology research recently. Miconazole was found to exert antitumor effects in various tumors, including bladder cancer (BC). However, whether it provokes protective autophagy has been never discussed. We provide evidence that miconazole induces protective autophagy in BC for the first time. The results indicated that 1A\/1B\u2010light chain 3 (LC3)\u2010II processing and p62 expression were elevated after miconazole exposure. Also, adenosine monophosphate\u2010activated protein kinase phosphorylation was increased after miconazole treatment. We also confirmed the autophagy\u2010promoting effect of miconazole in the presence of bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1). The result indicates that a combination treatment of miconazole and Baf A1 improved LC3\u2010II processing, confirming that miconazole promoted autophagic flux. The acridine orange, Lysotracker, and cathepsin D staining results indicate that miconazole increased lysosome formation, revealing its autophagy\u2010promoting function. Finally, miconazole and autophagy inhibitor\n                    <jats:italic>3<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010methyladenine cotreatment further reduced the cell viability and induced apoptosis in BC cells, proving that miconazole provokes protective autophagy in BC cells. Our findings approve that miconazole has an antitumor effect in promoting cell apoptosis; however, its function of protective autophagy is needed to be concerned in cancer treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T08:55:22Z","timestamp":1601196922000},"page":"185-193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Miconazole induces protective autophagy in bladder cancer cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Chao\u2010Yen","family":"Ho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Shin\u2010Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine National Yang\u2010Ming University  Taipei 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Urology, Department of Surgery Shin\u2010Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Urology, School of Medicine Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University  New Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuang\u2010Yu","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Shin\u2010Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Urology, School of Medicine Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University  New Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung\u2010En","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology, Department of Surgery Shin\u2010Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji\u2010Fan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Medicine Center Shin\u2010Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su 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