{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:40:34Z","timestamp":1790563234102,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012246","name":"Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Radon is one of the major pathogenic factors worldwide. Recently, epidemiological studies have suggested that radon exposure plays an important role in lung injury, which could further cause cancer. However, the toxic effects and underlying mechanism on lung injury are still not clear. Here, we identified the detailed toxic effects of long\u2010term radon exposure. Specifically, the manifestations were inflammatory response and cell apoptosis in dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manners. In detail, it caused the mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress as determined by the abnormal levels of mitochondrial DNA copy number, adenosine triphosphate, mitochondrial membrane potential, superoxide dismutase, and cycloxygenase\u20102. Furthermore, we found that melatonin treatment ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction and attenuated the levels of oxidative stress caused by long\u2010term radon exposure, which could further inhibit the lung tissue apoptosis as determined by the decreased levels of cleaved caspase 3. Our study would provide potential therapeutic application of melatonin on lung tissue injury caused by long\u2010term radon exposure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T15:01:01Z","timestamp":1603810861000},"page":"472-483","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Protection of melatonin against long\u2010term radon exposure\u2010caused lung injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Minhang District Center for Disease Prevention and Control  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youjing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiqing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengjiao","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical College, Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6765-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shasha","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases School of Public Health, Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailin","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Medical College of Soochow University  Suzhou China"},{"name":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases School of Public Health, Soochow University  Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-017-0305-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-1531-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6498\/aaaf45"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"Ionizing Radiation Part 2: Some Internally Deposited Radionuclides. Views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon 14\u201021 June 2000.IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; 2001;78(Pt 2):1\u2010559."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-11-89"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","volume-title":"Health Risks of Radon and Other Internally Deposited Alpha\u2010Emitters: Beir IV","author":"National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing R","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38308.477650.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2009.189225"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-016-0551-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-011-0131-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2008.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2013.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-012-1589-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"340","article-title":"Effect of ionizing radiation on liver mitochondrial respiratory functions in mice","volume":"112","author":"Hwang JJ","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chin Med J."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2011.10.006"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","first-page":"3894","article-title":"Ionizing radiation\u2010induced, mitochondria\u2010dependent generation of reactive oxygen\/nitrogen","volume":"61","author":"Leach JK","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1737.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3579866"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR2296.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2011.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23030530"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3727\/096368915X689749"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026615666141209160556"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Melatonin attenuates lung injury in a hind limb ischemia\u2010reperfusion rat model","volume":"21","author":"Takhtfooladi H","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev Port Pneumol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2009.00672.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12416"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12520"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Melatonin enhances autophagy and decreases apoptosis induced by nanosilica in RAW264.7 cells","volume":"71","author":"Zhang SH","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2015.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2018.1541318"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2018.03.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TX00181B"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.279.4.L766"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201708007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KaarnirantaK PawlowskaE SzczepanskaJ JablkowskaA.Role of mitochondrial DNA damage in ROS\u2010mediated pathogenesis of age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD).2019;20(10).","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20102374"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069720"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21062154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390903523444"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287390701290162"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0952-4746\/22\/3A\/315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007975"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2017.1336147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.06.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X14666161228122115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2001.300201.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2005.00209.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14756360802218516"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10715762.2013.808743"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12598"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178525"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-018-0842-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1423-0127-16-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2019101812"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.23052","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/tox.23052","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.23052","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T15:39:37Z","timestamp":1693669177000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.23052"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.23052"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.23052","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-01-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-10-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}