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However, the impact of BCFAs aggregation on brain cells, in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration remains elusive. The objective of this study is to understand the cellular mechanisms underlying VPA\u2010induced neuronal cell death mediated by oxidative stress, and the neuroprotective role of exogenous melatonin treatment on VPA\u2010induced cell death. Neurotoxicity of VPA and protective role exerted by melatonin were assessed in vitro in SH\u2010SY5Y cells and in vivo in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum regions of Wistar rat brain. The results show that melatonin pre\u2010treatment protects the cells from VPA\u2010induced toxicity by exerting an anti\u2010apoptotic and anti\u2010inflammatory effect by regulating apoptotic proteins and pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines. 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