{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:35:01Z","timestamp":1791426901649,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1608163200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>With the aggravation of environmental pollution, the incidence of infertility is increasing. Ginsenoside Rg1 is a monomer component extracted from <jats:italic>Panax ginseng<\/jats:italic>. It has been found that Ginsenoside Rg1 is able to prevent premature ovarian failure and delay testicular senescence. Therefore, we speculate Ginsenoside Rg1 may have great potential to prevent and treat infertility. The aim of this work is to explore whether Ginsenoside Rg1 plays a protective role in the dinbutyl phthalate (DBP)\u2010induced reproductive function injury mice, and to elucidate the potential mechanism. C57BL\/6J male mice were administered by DBP with or without Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment and serum, testis and epididymis were collected for further analysis. Sperm analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and serum hormone detection indicated that Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment improved the sperm density and sperm motility, reduced the testicular tissue damage, increased the serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone levels, and decreased the serum follicle\u2010stimulating hormone level in DBP\u2010induced mice. Furthermore, Ginsenoside Rg1 treatment upregulated expression levels of spermatogenesis\u2010related protein, Cx43, E\u2010cadherin, p\u2010PI3K, p\u2010Akt, and mTOR in the mice treated by DBP, observed by using a immunohistochemistry assay, a real\u2010time quantitative PCR assay, and a western blot analysis. The present study reveals that Ginsenoside Rg1 may exert anti\u2010DBP\u2010induced reproductive function injury in C57BL\/6J mice. In addition, the protect role of Ginsenoside Rg1 in spermatogenesis may be associated with the regulation of reproductive hormones, upregulation of spermatogenic associated proteins expression, restoration of the gap junctions, and the activation of PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR signaling pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,18]],"date-time":"2020-12-18T06:24:33Z","timestamp":1608272673000},"page":"789-799","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates reproductive function injury in <scp>C57BL<\/scp>\/<scp>6J<\/scp> mice induced by <scp>di\u2010<i>N<\/i><\/scp>\u2010butyl\u2010phthalate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Xiaolei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Beihua University  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenting","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Jilin Combine Traditional Chinese and Western Hospital  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghao","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Beihua University  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongming","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Beihua University  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Beihua University  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinrui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Iodine Deficiency Disorders The Second Institue for Endemic Disease Control and Prevention of Jilin Province  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1554-2905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Beihua University  Jilin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2010.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00017.2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5534\/wjmh.180069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(97)00160-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01565"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101291"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0642-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e318250361c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370217693323"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"6269","article-title":"Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates testicular senescence changes in dgalinduced aging mice via antiinflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Wang ZL","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.07.089"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2007.06.009"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","first-page":"2877","article-title":"Atorvastatin plus therapeutic ultrasound improve postnatal neovascularization in response to hindlimb ischemia via the PI3K\u2010Akt pathway","volume":"11","author":"Wang XL","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-3975-1_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2020.144635"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2019.00777"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2017.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm069"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9366"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms17060849"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-017-2438-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/dmv016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12958-015-0032-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2019.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2016.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2005.00034.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/aps.2013.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174418000430"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.19981"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02684-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2004.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00418-009-0554-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-7207(01)00696-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1877-1173(09)89005-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.05847"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep29667"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1101"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-18-0621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(06)00122-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2008.02.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.50.31515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31531"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00477.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.113317"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C8TX00122G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2014.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.22.13375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceb.2009.01.024"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.23081","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/tox.23081","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.23081","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T17:16:01Z","timestamp":1693588561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.23081"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.23081"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.23081","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-08-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-17","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}