{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T16:24:27Z","timestamp":1781713467700,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fluoride is considered as one of the most ubiquitous environmental pollutants. Numerous studies have linked reactive oxygen species (ROS)\u2010dependent oxidative damage with fluoride intoxication, which could be prevented by antioxidants. However, the metabolomic changes induced by ROS disruptions in fluoride intoxication are yet unknown. The present study aimed to provide novel mechanistic insights into the fluoride\u2010induced oxidative damage and to investigate the potential protective effects of ethanolic extract of <jats:italic>Prunella vulgaris<\/jats:italic> (natural antioxidant, PV) against fluoride\u2010induced oxidative damage. The serum biochemical indicators related to fluoride\u2010induced oxidative damage, such as lipid peroxidation parameter, inflammation and marker enzymes in the liver increased significantly in the fluoride\u2010treated group, while antioxidant enzymes were decreased. However, PV treatment restored the level of these biochemical indicators, indicating satisfactory antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, and hepatoprotective potential of PV. The metabolomics analysis in the serum was performed by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectroscopy, whereas the fluoride treatment caused severe metabolic disorders in rats, which could be improved by PV. The differential metabolites screened by multivariate analysis after fluoride and PV treatment, were organic acids, fatty acids, and lipids. These differential metabolites represented disorders of glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and the citrate cycle (TCA) according to metabolic pathway analysis in fluoride treatment rats. Interestingly, the result of metabolic pathway analysis of post\u2010treatment with PV was consistent with that of fluoride treatment, indicating that the energy metabolism plays a major role in the progress of fluoride\u2010induced oxidative damage, as well as the therapeutic effect of PV. These findings provided a theoretical basis for understanding the mechanism underlying metabolic disorders of fluoride toxicity and the effect of PV.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T11:28:02Z","timestamp":1622892482000},"page":"1802-1816","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The therapeutic effects of <scp><i>Prunella vulgaris<\/i><\/scp> against fluoride\u2010induced oxidative damage by using the metabolomics method"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Bulk Herbs of Hunan Province Hunan University of Chinese Medicine  Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010mei","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for 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