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Selenium (Se) has been reported to antagonize immune organs damage caused by heavy metals. Here, we aimed to investigate the prevent effect of Se on mercuric chloride (HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)\u2010induced thymus and bursa of Fabricius (BF) damage in chickens. The results showed that HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> caused immunosuppression by reducing the relative weight, cortical area of the thymus and BF, and the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Meanwhile, HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> induced oxidative stress and imbalance in cytokines expression in the thymus and BF. Further, we found that thioredoxin\u2010interacting protein (TXNIP) and the NOD\u2010like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mediated HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Mechanically, the targeting and inhibitory effect of microRNA (miR)\u2010135b\/183 on forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) were an upstream event for HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010activated TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Most importantly, Se effectively attenuated the aforementioned damage in the thymus and BF caused by HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and inhibited the TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway by reversing the expression of FOXO1 through inhibiting miR\u2010135b\/183. In conclusion, the miR\u2010135b\/183\u2010FOXO1\/TXNIP\/NLRP3 inflammasome axis might be a novel mechanism for Se to antagonize HgCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the central immune organs of chickens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T13:11:22Z","timestamp":1641561082000},"page":"1047-1057","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antagonistic effect of selenium on mercuric chloride in the central immune organs of chickens: The role of <scp>microRNA<\/scp>\u2010183\/<scp>135b\u2010FOXO1<\/scp>\/<scp>TXNIP<\/scp>\/<scp>NLRP3<\/scp> inflammasome axis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Pei\u2010Chao","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an City Shandong Province China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an City Shandong Province China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an City Shandong Province China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue\u2010Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an City Shandong Province China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an City Shandong Province China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention Shandong Agricultural University  Tai'an City Shandong Province 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