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This study aims to investigate the relation between benzene\u2010induced immune dysfunction and developmental toxicity in a genetically tractable animal model, <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>. Further, the study explored the protective role of Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) against benzene\u2010induced immunotoxicity and subsequent developmental impact. <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> larvae exposed to benzene (1.0, 10.0, and 100.0\u2009mM) were examined for total hemocyte (immune cells) count, phagocytic activity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and their developmental delay and reduction were analyzed. Benzene exposure for 48\u2009h reduced the total hemocytes count and phagocytic activity, along with an increase in the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation in the larval hemocytes. Subsequently, JNK\u2010dependent activation of the apoptosis (Caspase\u20103 dependent) was also observed. During their development, benzene exposure to <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> larvae led to 3\u2009days of delay in development, and\u2009~40% reduced adult emergence. <jats:italic>Hsp70\u2010<\/jats:italic>overexpression in hemocytes was found to mitigate benzene\u2010induced oxidative stress and abrogated the JNK\u2010mediated apoptosis in hemocytes, thus restoring total hemocyte count and improving phagocytotic activity. Further, <jats:italic>hsp70\u2010<\/jats:italic>overexpression in hemocytes also lessened the benzene\u2010induced developmental delay (rescue of 2.5\u2009days) and improved adult emergence (~20%) emergence, revealing a possible control of immune cells on the organism's development and survival. Overall, this study established that <jats:italic>hsp70\u2010<\/jats:italic>overexpression in the <jats:italic>Drosophila<\/jats:italic> hemocytes confers protection against benzene\u2010induced immune injury via regulating the ROS\/JNK signaling pathway, which helps in the organism's survival and development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T07:27:54Z","timestamp":1647588474000},"page":"1723-1739","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["<i>Hsp70<\/i> overexpression in <i>Drosophila<\/i> hemocytes attenuates benzene\u2010induced immune and developmental toxicity via regulating ROS\/JNK signaling pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Leonard Clinton","family":"D'Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology Nitte (Deemed to be University), 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