{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T06:04:45Z","timestamp":1788242685969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]],"date-time":"2022-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Environmental and occupational exposure to chromium compounds, especially hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], is widely recognized as a potential nephrotoxic in humans and animals. Its toxicity is associated with the overproduction of free radicals, which induces oxidative damage. <jats:italic>Echinacea purpurea<\/jats:italic> (L.) Moench is an herbaceous perennial plant rich in phenolic components and frequently used for its medicinal benefits. The current work evaluated the effectiveness of <jats:italic>E. purpurea<\/jats:italic> (EP) against oxidative stress and nephrotoxicity induced by potassium dichromate in male rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, <jats:italic>E. purpurea<\/jats:italic> (EP; 50\u2009mg\/kg; once daily for 3\u2009weeks), hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI); 15\u2009mg\/kg; single intraperitoneal dose), and EP\u2009+\u2009Cr(VI) where rats were pretreated with EP for 3\u2009weeks before receiving CrVI, respectively. Results revealed that rats exposed to Cr(VI) showed a significant increase in PC, TBARS, and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, kidney function biomarkers (Urea, creatinine, and uric acid), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH), TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u201018, nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u03baB), and IGF\u20101 (Insulin\u2010like growth factor\u20101) levels as well as a considerable decline in metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH) content, enzymatic antioxidants (SOD, CAT, GPx, GR, and GST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and protein content. Cr(VI) induced apoptosis in kidney tissues as revealed by upregulation of Bax and caspase 3 and downregulation of Bcl\u20102. Furthermore, EP treatment ameliorated the Cr(VI)\u2010induced histopathological and ultrastructure variations of kidney tissue, which was confirmed by the biochemical and molecular data. It is clear from the results of this study that EP exerts nephroprotective effects by improving the redox state, suppressing inflammatory reaction and cell apoptosis as well as ameliorating the performance of kidney tissue architecture, which is eventually reflected by the improvement of kidney function in rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23599","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T06:49:44Z","timestamp":1654584584000},"page":"2324-2334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Nephroprotective role of <i>Echinacea purpurea<\/i> against potassium dichromate\u2010induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Mustafa M.","family":"Karhib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technique Al\u2010Mustaqbal University College, Babylon  Hillah Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4733-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raghda A.","family":"El\u2010Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6697-9379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nora F.","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Kafr ElSheikh University  Kafr ElSheikh Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5624-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatma M.","family":"El\u2010Demerdash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Studies Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University  Alexandria Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2009.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102418"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2009.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of chromium and cadmium ions","volume":"19","author":"Stohs SJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2010.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2021.126791"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2007.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-6-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.09.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf051513y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Echinaceas Handbuch f\u00fcr \u00c4rzte, Apotheker und andere Naturwissenschaftler","author":"Bauer R","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(03)00645-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Can herbs be useful in cancer therapy? 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