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However, the toxicity of IMI is not only applied to target pests but also causes serious negative effects on birds and other creatures. Our previous studies have shown that long\u2010term exposure to IMI can induce liver fibrosis in quails. However, the specific mechanism of quail liver fibrosis induced by IMI is not completely clear. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to further clarify the potential molecular mechanism of IMI\u2010induced liver fibrosis in quails. Japanese quails (<jats:italic>Coturnix japonica<\/jats:italic>) were treated with\/without IMI (intragastric administration with 6\u00a0mg\/kg body weight) in the presence\/absence of luteolin (Lut) (fed with 800\u2009mg\/kg) for 90\u2009days. The results reveal that IMI can induce hepatic fibrosis, oxidative stress, fatty degeneration, inflammation, and the down\u2010expression of nuclear factor\u2010E2\u2010related factor\u20102 (Nrf2). Furthermore, the treatment of Lut, a kind of Nrf2 activator, increased the expression of Nrf2 in livers and alleviated liver fibrosis in quails. Altogether, our study demonstrates that inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway is the key to liver fibrosis induced by IMI in quails. These results provide a new understanding for the study of the toxicity of IMI and a practical basis for the treatment of liver fibrosis caused by IMI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,18]],"date-time":"2022-06-18T09:00:34Z","timestamp":1655542834000},"page":"2354-2365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Inhibition of the Nrf2 signaling pathway involved in imidacloprid\u2010induced liver fibrosis in <i>Coturnix japonica<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8317-4342","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ning","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yueying","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College 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