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Therefore, birds are good bioindicators for monitoring environmental pollutants. However, the mechanism of lung injury in birds and the role of the PTEN\/PI3K\/AKT axis are unknown. In this study, broilers treated with different polystyrene microplastics (PS\u2010MPs) (0, 1, 10, and 100\u2009mg\/L) were exposed to drinking water for 6\u2009weeks to analyze the effect of PS\u2010MPs on lung injury of broilers. The results showed that with the increase of PS\u2010MPs concentration, malonaldehyde (MDA) content increased, and catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) activity decreased, further leading to oxidative stress. PS\u2010MPs caused the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway to be inhibited by phosphorylation, and autophagy accelerated formation (LC3) and degradation (p62), causing autophagy. In PS\u2010MPs exposed lung tissues, the expression of Bax\/Bcl\u20102 and Caspase family increased, and MAPK signaling pathways (p38, ERK, and JNK) showed an increase in phosphorylation level, thus leading to cell apoptosis. Our research showed that PS\u2010MPs could activate the antioxidant system. The antioxidant system unbalance\u2010regulated Caspase family, and PTEN\/PI3K\/AKT pathways initiated apoptosis and autophagy, which in turn led to lung tissue damage in chickens. These results are of great significance to the toxicological study of PS\u2010MPs and the protection of the ecosystem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T07:21:00Z","timestamp":1665127260000},"page":"78-89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Polystyrene microplastics induce autophagy and apoptosis in birds lungs via\n                    <scp>PTEN<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>PI3K<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>AKT<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>mTOR<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Hongmin","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Wildlife and Protected Area Northeast Forestry University  Harbin People's Republic of 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