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BisGMA has toxic and proinflammatory effects on macrophages. Rutin is a natural flavonol glycoside that is present in various plants and has useful biological effects, such as anti\u2010inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidative effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti\u2010inflammation of rutin in macrophages after exposure to BisGMA. Pretreatment of the RAW264.7 macrophage with rutin at 0, 10, 30, and 100\u2009\u03bcM for 30\u2009min before being incubated with BisGMA at 0 or 3\u00a0\u03bcM. Proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin (PG) E2 were detected by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Nitric oxide (NO) was detected by the Griess assay. Expression and phosphorylation of proteins were measured by Western blot assay. Pretreatment with rutin inhibited the BisGMA\u2010induced generation of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)\u2010\u03b1, interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, and PGE2, in macrophages. Rutin also suppressed the BisGMA\u2010induced secretion of NO and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. Furthermore, rutin suppressed the mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in a concentration\u2010dependent manner. Finally, rutin suppressed the BisGMA\u2010induced phosphorylation of nuclear factor (NF)\u2010\u03baB p65 and degradation of inhibitor of \u03baB (I\u03baB). These results indicate that the concentration of rutin has an inhibitory effect on proinflammatory mediator generation, MAPK phosphorylation, NF\u2010\u03baB p65 phosphorylation, and I\u03baB degradation. In conclusion, rutin is a potential anti\u2010inflammatory agent for BisGMA\u2010stimulated macrophages through NF\u2010\u03baB p65 phosphorylation and I\u03baB degradation resulting from MAPK phosphorylation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,22]],"date-time":"2022-11-22T13:37:43Z","timestamp":1669124263000},"page":"628-634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Rutin alleviates bisphenol <scp>A<\/scp>\u2010glycidyl methacrylate\u2010induced generation of proinflammatory mediators through the <scp>MAPK<\/scp> and <scp>NF\u2010\u03baB<\/scp> pathways in macrophages"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Fu\u2010Mei","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Dentistry Chung Shan Medical University  Taichung 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