{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:35:03Z","timestamp":1791995703586,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]],"date-time":"2023-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effect of pachymic acid (PA) on pulmonary fibrosis in rats was expected to be investigated in this study. Firstly, bleomycin (BLM) was used to establish pulmonary fibrosis rat model, then PA (10, 20, or 40\u2009mg\/kg) was intragastrically administered to the rats for 14\u2009days. Subsequently, a variety of tests was performed to observe changes in sample tissues after different treatments. Briefly, the degree of pulmonary edema in rats was assessed through dry\/wet weight ratio. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used to observe the pathological injury and fibrosis of lung tissue. Biochemical kits were applied to measure the levels of hydroxyproline (Hyp), transforming growth factor beta\u20101 (TGF\u03b2\u20101), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in rat lung tissues of each group. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number in rat lung tissue was tested using qRT\u2010PCR. Additionally, the western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of pulmonary fibrosis\u2010related proteins and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress\u2010related proteins in each group of rat lung tissue. By virtue of experimental verification above, PA was discovered to alleviate BLM\u2010induced pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis and histopathological damage. On the one hand, PA treatment decreased Hyp and TGF\u2010\u03b21 levels and down\u2010regulated pulmonary fibrosis\u2010related protein expression [collagen I, \u03b1\u2010smooth muscle actin (\u03b1\u2010SMA), and fibronectin] in the lung tissue of BLM rats. On the other hand, it significantly increased the levels of SOD, CAT and ATP while decreased the activities of MDA and ROS in BLM rat lung tissues. In addition, the expression levels of ER stress\u2010related proteins [glucose\u2010regulated protein 78 (GRP78), C\/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Caspase 9, and activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)] were significantly down\u2010regulated in the lung tissue of BLM rats after PA treatment. Collectively, PA may ameliorate BLM\u2010induced pulmonary fibrosis and histopathological damage in rats through inhibiting ER stress and improving mitochondrial function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23824","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,11]],"date-time":"2023-05-11T04:50:17Z","timestamp":1683780617000},"page":"5382-5390","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pachymic acid ameliorates bleomycin\u2010induced pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3534-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory department The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong\u2010jie","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of security The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University  Jinzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2015.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2021.111473"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.06.00037005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1113354"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181bb2538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41568-020-00312-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-012513-104649"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matbio.2018.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oncsis.2017.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-017-1393-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.00382.2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2019.109482"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2020.101509"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2017.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2019-213064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-41933-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2022.11484"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v49i5.468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11596-021-2414-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbac114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","first-page":"2251","article-title":"Study of protective effect of pachymic acid on obstructive hydronephrosis interstitial fibrosis","volume":"31","author":"Wang W","year":"2014","journal-title":"Chin J Exp Surg"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-7113-8_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2017.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Melatonin alleviates bleomycin\u2010induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice","volume":"29","author":"Karimfar MH","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.41.4.467"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cphy.c190017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.3.2003149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/01902148.2014.979516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"1270","article-title":"Dihydroartemisinin supresses inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycine\u2010induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats","volume":"8","author":"Yang D","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2021.02.127"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11704"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","first-page":"1924","article-title":"Pachymic acid ameliorates sepsis\u2010induced acute kidney injury by suppressing inflammation and activating the Nrf2\/HO\u20101 pathway in rats","volume":"21","author":"Cai ZY","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12935-015-0230-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122270"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00213"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202858"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M083741"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b18-00730"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.23824","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]],"date-time":"2024-11-15T09:37:17Z","timestamp":1731663437000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.23824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.23824"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.23824","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-04-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}