{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T04:12:12Z","timestamp":1791259932881,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31402264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31402264"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010226","name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021KTSCX012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021KTSCX012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Co\u2010existing of polystyrene\u2010nano plastics (PSNPs) and arsenic (As) in the environment caused a horrendous risk to human health. However, the potential mechanism of PSNPs and As combination induced testicular toxicity in mammals has not been elucidated. Therefore, we first explore the testicular toxicity and the potential mechanism in male Kunming mice exposed to As or\/and PSNPs. Results revealed that compared to the As or PSNPs group, the combined group showed more significant testicular toxicity. Specifically, As and PSNPs combination induced irregular spermatozoa array and blood\u2013testis barrier disruption. Simultaneously, As and PSNPs co\u2010exposure also exacerbated oxidative stress, including increasing the MDA content, and down\u2010regulating expression of Nrf\u20102, HO\u20101, SOD\u20101, and Trx. PSNPs and As combination also triggered testicular apoptosis, containing changes in apoptotic factors (P53, Bax, Bcl\u20102, Cytc, Caspase\u20108, Caspase\u20109, and Caspase\u20103). Furthermore, co\u2010exposed to As and PSNPs aggravated inflammatory damage characterized by targeted phosphorylation of NF\u2010\u03baB and degradation of I\u2010\u03baB. In summary, our results strongly confirmed As\u2009+\u2009PSNPs co\u2010exposure induced the synergistic toxicity of testis through excessive oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation, which could offer a new sight into the mechanism of environmental pollutants co\u2010exposure induced male reproductive toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23970","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T09:04:36Z","timestamp":1694682276000},"page":"264-276","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Arsenic and polystyrene\u2010nano plastics co\u2010exposure induced testicular toxicity: Triggers oxidative stress and promotes apoptosis and inflammation in mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Gan","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine South China Agricultural University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"National Canine Laboratory Animal Resources Center Guangzhou General Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd.  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