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Currently, no available information to show AITC affecting DNA damage and repair\u2010associated protein expression in human gastric cancer cells. Therefore, in the present studies, we investigated AITC\u2010induced cytotoxic effects on human gastric cancer in AGS and SNU\u20101 cells whether or not via the induction of DNA damage and affected DNA damage and repair associated poteins expressions in vitro. Cell viability and morphological changes were assayed by flow cytometer and phase contrast microscopy, respectively, the results indicated AITC induced cell morphological changes and decreased total viable cells in AGS and SNU\u20101 cells in a dose\u2010dependently. AITC induced DNA condensation and damage in a dose\u2010dependently which based on the cell nuclei was stained by 4\u2032, 6\u2010diamidino\u20102\u2010phenylindole present in AGS and SNU\u20101 cells. DNA damage and repair associated proteins expression in AGS and SNU\u20101 cells were measured by Western blotting. The results indicated AITC decreased nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (NRF2), heme oxygenase\u20101 (HO\u20101), glutathione, and catalase, but increased superoxide dismutase (SOD (Cu\/Zn)), and nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in AGS cells, however, in SNU\u20101 cells are increased HO\u20101. AITC increased DNA\u2010dependent protein kinase (DNA\u2010PK), phosphorylation of gamma H2A histone family member X on Ser139 (\u03b3H2AX\n                    <jats:sup>pSer139<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) in AGS cells. AITC increased DNA\u2010PK, mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 (MDC1), \u03b3H2AX\n                    <jats:sup>pSer139<\/jats:sup>\n                    , topoisomerase II alpha (TOPII\u03b1), topoisomerase II beta (TOPII\u03b2), HSP90, and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in SNU\u20101 cells. AITC increased p53, p53\n                    <jats:sup>pSer15<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and p21 but decreased murine double minute 2 (MDM2)\n                    <jats:sup>pSer166<\/jats:sup>\n                    and O\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010methylguanine\u2010DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in AGS cells; however, it has a similar effect of AITC except increased ataxia telangiectasia and Rad\n                    <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010related protein (ATR)\n                    <jats:sup>pSer428<\/jats:sup>\n                    , checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and checkpoint kinase 2 (CHK2) in SNU\u20101 cells. Apparently, both cell responses to AITC are different, nonetheless, all of these observations suggest that AITC inhibits the growth of gastric cancer cells may through induction off DNA damage in vitro.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T16:23:20Z","timestamp":1700065400000},"page":"1303-1314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Allyl isothiocyanate induces\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    damage and inhibits\n                    <scp>DNA<\/scp>\n                    repair\u2010associated proteins in a human gastric cancer cells in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Yung\u2010Luen","family":"Shih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine Fu\u2010Jen Catholic University  New Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Yao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, An Nan Hospital China Medical University  Tainan Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Optometry Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuang\u2010Chi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Technology Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology  Tainan Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fu\u2010Shin","family":"Chueh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology Asia University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Li","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7803-3019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao\u2010Lin","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yung\u2010Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Yuanpei University  Hsinchu Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiung\u2010Ju","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Jen\u2010Teh Junior College of Medicine Nursing and Management  Miaoli Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1792-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu\u2010Fen","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1131-3673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2010Wen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Science and Technology China Medical University  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4567-3754","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsu\u2010Fen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University  Taichung Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine China Medical University Hospital  Taichung Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-med-081117-043436"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S149619"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Ministry of Health and Welfare.2022 Statistics of causes of death. 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