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This manuscript investigated the nephroprotective effects of chicory (CLE) and\/or artichoke (ALE) leaves extracts on carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) and gamma\u2010irradiation (Rad)\u2010induced chronic nephrotoxicity in rats. Rats were divided into 10 groups (10 animals\/group): group 1: control, groups 2\u20137 rats were treated with CLE, ALE, CLE\/ALE, CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , Rad, and CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Rad, respectively. Groups 8 to 10, rats were intoxicated with CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Rad, and treated with CLE, ALE, and CLE\/ALE extracts, respectively, for 4\u2009weeks. The data demonstrated that CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    administration or Rad exposure induced high levels of urea and creatinine, with low levels of total protein and albumin in the serum. However, high levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), some pro\u2010inflammatory markers such as\u00a0interleukins (IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20102, IL\u20106), TNF\u2010\u03b1, NF\u2010\u03baB, the fibrotic marker; TGF\u2010\u03b21, calcium, and copper, low contents of reduced glutathione (GSH), iron, and zinc, and suppression of the antioxidant enzymes' activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were observed. In addition, the Wnt and \u03b2\u2010catenin protein expression ratios were up\u2010regulated in the kidney tissues of the CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and Rad intoxicated animals. However, the combined treatment CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Rad augmented these measurements. On the other hand, CLE, ALE, and CLE\/ALE treatments demonstrated nephroprotection in the kidney tissues of CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Rad intoxicated animals, in the order of CLE\/ALE&gt;ALE&gt;CLE by ameliorating the investigated parameters. Kidney tissues' histopathological examinations confirmed these results. In conclusion, CLE and\/or ALE demonstrated nephroprotection against CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/Rad co\u2010toxicity mediated by down\u2010regulation of renal Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin protein expressions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T03:15:58Z","timestamp":1701314158000},"page":"1666-1681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Protective effect of chicory and\/or artichoke leaves extracts on carbon tetrachloride and gamma\u2010irradiation\u2010induced chronic nephrotoxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4747-1996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mamdouh M. 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