{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T08:05:13Z","timestamp":1785139513394,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82060606"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82060606"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    It is well known that polystyrene nanoplastics (PS\u2010NaP) and nano\u2010titanium dioxide (TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs) are frequently co\u2010appeared in daily life and can cause liver injury when they accumulate in the liver. Nonetheless, the combined toxicological impacts and potential molecular mechanisms of PS\u2010NaP and TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs in the hepatic system have not been revealed. Thus, we conducted experiments on C57BL\/6 mice exposed to PS\u2010NaP or\/and TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs for 4\u2009weeks. The findings suggested that PS\u2010NaP and TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs co\u2010exposed significantly altered the hepatic function parameters, levels of antioxidant\u2010related enzymes and genes expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Keap\u20101\/Nrf2\/ARE<\/jats:italic>\n                    signaling pathway, as well as significantly increased the hepatic Ti contents, aggravated hepatic pathological and oxidative stress (OS) damage compared with individual exposure to PS\u2010NaP or TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs. Using N\u2010Acetyl\u2010L\u2010cysteine (NAC), an OS inhibitor, we further demonstrated that OS played a pivotal role in coexposure\u2010induced liver injury. NAC reduced the levels of OS in mice, which mitigated co\u2010exposure\u2010induced liver injury. Taken together, we proposed that PS\u2010NaP and TiO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    NPs co\u2010exposed activated the\n                    <jats:italic>Keap\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    , then inhibited the recognition of\n                    <jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ARE<\/jats:italic>\n                    , consequently exacerbated liver injury. These findings shed light on the co\u2010toxicity and potential mechanism of nanoplastics and nanoparticles, which informed the risk assessment of human exposure to environmental pollutants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24141","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T02:04:35Z","timestamp":1705543475000},"page":"2681-2691","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Combined exposure of nano\u2010titanium dioxide and polystyrene nanoplastics exacerbate oxidative stress\u2010induced liver injury in mice by regulating the\n                    <i>Keap\u20101<\/i>\n                    \/\n                    <i>Nrf2<\/i>\n                    \/\n                    <i>ARE<\/i>\n                    pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4443-0639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiantian","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Nanchang University  Nanchang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Penghui","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Nanchang University  Nanchang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0457-9665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hengyi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources Nanchang University  Nanchang People's Republic of China"},{"name":"International Institute of Food Innovation Co., Ltd. Nanchang University  Nanchang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JC014719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b01090"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b05297"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12302-014-0012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/12\/124006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.134699"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2016.05.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abe5041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116324"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b07001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.03.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr400629p"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surfrep.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano10020387"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19393210.2020.1769193"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2020.116519"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.115950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2020.104527"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2020.00097"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2019.103370"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wnan.1860"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4638192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2019.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04090-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17435390.2020.1778809"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Effects of nan\/microplastics as newly known pollutants on the 438 environment and their microbial degradation","volume":"10","author":"Ghomsheh N","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Soil Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2655"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32532-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)63504-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-018-0356-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107340"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/27\/11\/112001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2021.100322"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202000153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.110133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b02963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1EN00115A"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113966"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","volume-title":"Packaging Design: successful Product Branding from Concept to Shelf","author":"Klimchuk MR","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.161727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.155436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-023-00533-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124382"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano11030803"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2022.129502"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1040752"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.3910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22094642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8070235"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1913400"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1970.50.3.319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101429"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","first-page":"453","article-title":"Malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation marker","volume":"57","author":"Gawe\u0142 S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Wiad Lek"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12989-019-0332-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21396"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-023-00943-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom9100528"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105693"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i38.5127"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70097","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000}}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.24141","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T08:47:01Z","timestamp":1762591621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.24141"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.24141"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.24141","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}