{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]],"date-time":"2025-12-30T23:39:16Z","timestamp":1767137956496,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708646400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. In approximately 30%\u201340% of lung cancer patients, bone metastases ensues with osteolytic destruction. Worse still, intractable pain, pathological fracture, and nerve compression caused by bone metastases are currently the bottleneck of research, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the effectiveness of a new composite material made of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and Endostar on repairing bone defects in vitro and in vivo. As indicated in results, the mechanical properties of CPC+Endostar and CPC+PLGA+Endostar do not differ from those of pure CPC. The PLGA\u2010embedded Endostar slow\u2010release microspheres were designed and prepared, and were combined with CPC. Poly (lactic\u2010co\u2010glycolic acid (PLGA) is a biodegradable polymer material in vivo, so the effect on its mechanical properties is negligible. CPC+Endostar and CPC+PLGA+Endostar have been proved to inhibit cell proliferation, promote apoptosis and block cell cycle in G2 phase; the expression levels of osteoclast\u2010related genes CXCL2, TGF\u2010\u03b21, IGF\u20101, IL\u20106, and RANKL were significantly decreased while osteogenic ability and alkaline phosphatase activity observably enhanced. In vivo studies have revealed that the expression levels of TRAP, RANKL, and Caspase3 in CPC+PLGA+ENDO\u2010treated tumor tissues after 3\u2009weeks were higher than those in other groups with the prolongation of animal treatment time, while the expression levels of OPN and BCL2 were lower than those in other groups. In hematoxylin and eosin and TUNEL staining, 3\u2009weeks of CPC+PLGA+ENDO\u2010treatment yielded higher tissue necrosis and apoptosis than other groups; computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging results showed the posterior edge bone damage reduced as a result of the CPC+PLGA+ENDO grafting in vertebral pedicle. Overall, the feasibility and reliability of CPC\u2010loaded Endostar in the treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer were investigated in this study, so as to promote the basic research and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer and other malignant tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T01:03:56Z","timestamp":1708736636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["RETRACTED:\n                    <scp>Poly (lactic\u2010co\u2010glycolic acid)<\/scp>\n                    \u2010encapsulated\n                    <scp>Endostar<\/scp>\n                    \u2010loaded\n                    <scp>calcium phosphate cement<\/scp>\n                    as anti\u2010tumor bone cement for the treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"QingHua","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cong","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"YingYing","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine  Shanghai 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