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A mixture of three widely used PEs (MPEs) was used to investigate the ameliorative effects of zinc (Zn) and vitamin E (VE) against male reproductive toxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910). Rats in MPEs group were orally treated with 160\u2009mg\/kg\/d MPEs, while rats in MPEs combined Zn and\/or VE groups were treated with 160\u2009mg\/kg\/d MPEs plus 25\u2009mg\/kg\/d Zn and\/or 25\u2009mg\/kg\/d VE. After intervention for 70\u2009days, it's was measured of male reproductive organs' weight, histopathological observation of sperms and testes, serum hormones, PIWI proteins and steroidogenic proteins.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with control, anogenital distance, testes weight, epididymides weight, and sex hormones were significantly decreased, while the sperm malformation rate was markedly increased in MPEs group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05); the testicular tissues were injured in MPEs group with disordered and decreased spermatids, and arrested spermatogenesis. PIWIL1, PIWIL2, StAR, CYP11A1 and CYP19A1 were down\u2010regulated in MPEs group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). However, the alterations of these parameters were restored in MPEs combined Zn and\/or VE groups (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zn and\/or VE improved steroid hormone metabolism, and inhibited MPEs' male reproductive toxicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,5]],"date-time":"2024-03-05T09:55:31Z","timestamp":1709632531000},"page":"3330-3340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Ameliorative effects of zinc and vitamin E against phthalates\u2010induced reproductive toxicity in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Ling\u2010Zi","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health Wenzhou Medical University  Zhejiang China"},{"name":"Zhejiang 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