{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T14:41:37Z","timestamp":1781188897100,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Basement membrane\u2010related genes (BMs) participate in regulating cell polarity, invasion, metastasis, and survival across different tumor types. Nevertheless, the specific functions of BMs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the clinical relevance of BMs in CRC, we retrieved both gene expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets for subsequent analysis. The Kaplan\u2013Meier (K\u2013M) survival curve was employed to evaluate prognosis in high\u2010 and low\u2010risk groups. Furthermore, additional analyses, including nomogram construction, functional enrichment, examination of the tumor immune microenvironment, prediction of small\u2010molecule drugs, and more, were conducted to delve into the significance of BM\u2010related signatures in CRC. Single\u2010cell data from seven CRC patients were obtained from the TISCH2 database, and expression validation and cell source exploration of BM\u2010related signatures were performed. Lastly, the expression and function of TIMP1, a key gene in BMs that may play a role in the progression of CRC, was validated in vitro through a series of basic experiments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We constructed a seven BMs\u2010based model to categorize CRC patients into high\u2010risk and low\u2010risk groups. K\u2013M survival analysis indicated a poorer prognosis for high\u2010risk CRC patients. Cox regression analysis further identified the risk score as an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. The nomogram model exhibited superior discrimination and calibration abilities of CRC patients. Based on the results from GO\/KEGG and GSEA, genes in the high\u2010risk subgroup were implicated in immune\u2010related pathways and exhibited a positive correlation with immune checkpoints. In single\u2010cell data, we found that TIMP1 is highly expressed in many cells, especially in malignant tumor cells. We also observed up\u2010regulation of TIMP1 in CRC cell lines, promoting cancer invasion and migration in vitro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study has discovered a novel prognostic index derived from BM\u2010related genes in CRC patients. Specifically, the new model enables patient stratification, improving the selection of individuals likely to benefit from immunotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T09:24:55Z","timestamp":1709717095000},"page":"3367-3380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comprehensive analysis of basement membrane\u2010related gene based on single\u2010cell and bulk <scp>RNA<\/scp> sequencing data to predict prognosis and evaluate immune characteristics in colorectal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jing","family":"Han","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Xuzhou Medical University  Xuzhou Jiangsu Province China"},{"name":"Department of General Surgery Shuyang Hospital of TCM  Shuyang Jiangsu Province 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