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Few studies have investigated the effects of Cd exposure on metabolic dysfunctions, such as type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (T1DM and T2DM). Thus, we assessed whether subacute Cd exposure at occupational levels causes abnormalities in white adipose tissue (WAT), liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. We administered cadmium chloride (CdCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) (100\u2009ppm in drinking water for 30\u2009days) to female rats and evaluated Cd levels in serum and metabolic organs, morphophysiology, inflammation, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and gene expression. High Cd levels were found in serum, WAT, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle. Cd\u2010exposed rats showed low adiposity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, and oxidative stress compared to controls. Cd exposure reduced adipocyte size, hyperleptinemia, increased cholesterol levels, inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis in WAT. Cd\u2010exposed rats had increased liver cholesterol levels, insulin receptor beta (IR\u03b2) and peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor\u2010gamma coactivator\u20101alpha (PGC1\u03b1) expression, karyomegaly, inflammation, and fibrosis. Cd exposure reduced insulin levels and pancreatic islet size and increased inflammation and fibrosis. Cd exposure reduced skeletal muscle fiber diameter and increased IR expression and inflammation. Finally, strong positive correlations were observed between serum, tissue Cd levels, abnormal morphology, tissue inflammation and fibrosis. Thus, these data suggest that subacute Cd exposure impairs WAT, liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle function, leading to T1DM and T2DM features and other complications in female rats.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T04:46:30Z","timestamp":1715057190000},"page":"4278-4297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Subacute cadmium exposure changes different metabolic functions, leading to type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus features in female rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Charles S.","family":"da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Espirito Santo  Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thiago F.","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Federal University of Espirito Santo  Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flavia C. F.","family":"Dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Morphology Federal University of Espirito Santo  Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra S.","family":"Padilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Federal University of Espirito Santo  Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiara","family":"Krause","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Federal University of Espirito Santo  Vit\u00f3ria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Tereza W. 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