{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T08:49:32Z","timestamp":1789548572745,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]],"date-time":"2024-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a highly toxic organotin pollutant frequently found in aquatic environments, posing a significant threat to the ecological system. The kidney plays a vital role in the body's detoxification processes, and TMT present in the environment tends to accumulate in the kidneys. However, it remained unclear whether exposure to different doses of TMT could induce pyroptosis and immune dysfunction in grass carp kidney cells (CIK cells). For this purpose, after assessing the half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TMT on CIK cells, we established a model for exposure of CIK cells at varying concentrations of TMT. CIK cells were treated with various doses of TMT (2.5, 5, 10\u2009\u03bcM) for 24\u2009h. Oxidative stress levels were measured using kits and fluorescence methods, whereas the expression of related genes was verified through western blot and quantitative real\u2010time PCR (qRT\u2010PCR). The results indicated that TMT exposure led to oxidative stress, with increased levels of ROS, H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    , MDA, and GSH, and inhibited activities of T\u2010AOC, SOD, and CAT. It activated the NF\u2010\u03baB pathway, leading to the upregulation of NF\u2010\u03baB p65, NF\u2010\u03baB p50, GSDMD, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase\u20101. Furthermore, TMT exposure also resulted in increased expression of cytokines (IL\u201018, IL\u20106, IL\u20102, IL\u20101\u03b2, and TNF\u2010\u03b1) and decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides (LEAP2, HEPC, and \u03b2\u2010defensin). In summary, exposure to TMT induces dose\u2010dependent oxidative stress that activates the NF\u2010\u03baB pathway, leading to pyroptosis and immune dysfunction in grass carp CIK cells.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T01:30:21Z","timestamp":1721007021000},"page":"4984-4994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Exposure to Trimethyltin Chloride Induces Pyroptosis and Immune Dysfunction in Grass Carp\n                    <scp>CIK<\/scp>\n                    Cells by Activating the\n                    <scp>NF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>\u03baB<\/scp>\n                    Pathway Through Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Xiaotong","family":"Ni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Tarim University  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haozheng","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Tarim University  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Tarim University  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control of Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Tarim University  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control of Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-1283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology Tarim University  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Engineering Laboratory for Tarim Animal Diseases Diagnosis and Control of Xinjiang Production &amp; Construction Corps  Alar Xinjiang People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2009.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b02122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Human Exposure, Biomarkers, and Fate of Organotins in the Environment","volume":"213","author":"Okoro H. 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