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While numerous studies have examined the neurological impacts of physical trauma and psychological stress, research on acute neurobehavioral effects of gas inhalation from explosions or fires is limited. This study investigates the early\u2010stage neurobehavioral and neuronal consequences of acute explosion gas inhalation in Sprague\u2013Dawley rats. Rats were exposed to simulated explosive gas and subsequently assessed using behavioral tests and neurobiological analyses. The high\u2010dose exposure group demonstrated significant depression\u2010like behaviors, including reduced mobility and exploration. However, neuronal damage was not evident in histological analyses. Immunofluorescence revealed increased density of radial glia and oligodendrocytes in specific brain regions, suggesting hypoxia and axon damage induced by gas inhalation as a potential mechanism for the observed neurobehavioral changes. These findings underscore the acute impact of explosion gas inhalation on mental health, highlighting the habenula and dentate gyrus of hippocampus as the possible target regions. The findings are expected to support early diagnosis and treatment strategies for brain injuries caused by explosion gas, offering insights into early intervention for depression and PTSD in affected populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,2]],"date-time":"2024-08-02T09:09:53Z","timestamp":1722589793000},"page":"5099-5111","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Acute Neurobehavioral and Glial Responses to Explosion Gas Inhalation in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5361-1612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinren","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, School of Public Health, Medical Science Center Xi'an Jiaotong University  Xi'an 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