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Exposure to subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> leads to acute inflammatory damage in humans, which has been confirmed in mouse in vivo studies. However, the concrete mechanism by which subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> causes airway damage remains obscure. In this study, we found that subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> triggered release of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 17E, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, transforming growth factor \u03b2, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin from human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS\u20102B) in a dose\u2013effect relationship. Subsequently, supernatant recovered from the subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> group significantly increased expression of the aforementioned cytokines in BEAS\u20102B cells compared with the subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> group. Additionally, tight junctions (TJs) of BEAS\u20102B cells including zonula occludens\u20101, E\u2010cadherin, and occludin were decreased by subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Moreover, supernatant recovered from the subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> group markedly decreased the expression of these TJs compared with the control group. Furthermore, inhibitors of toll\u2010like receptors (TLRs) and nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB), as well as chelate resins (e.g., chelex) and deferoxamine, remarkably ameliorated the observed changes of cytokines and TJs caused by subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> in BEAS\u20102B cells. Therefore, these results suggest that subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> induced a decline of TJs after an initial ascent of cytokine expression, and subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> altered expression of both cytokines and TJs by activating TLRs\/NF\u2010\u03baB\u2010dependent pathway in BEAS\u20102B cells. The metal components of subway PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> may contribute to the airway epithelial injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24403","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]],"date-time":"2024-08-27T12:47:45Z","timestamp":1724762865000},"page":"5296-5308","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Subway Fine Particles (<scp>PM<sub>2.5<\/sub><\/scp>)\u2010Induced Pro\u2010Inflammatory Response Triggers Airway Epithelial Barrier Damage Through the <scp>TLRs<\/scp>\/<scp>NF<\/scp>\u2010<scp>\u03baB<\/scp>\u2010Dependent Pathway In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Fanmei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health China Medical University  Shenyang 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