{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T11:03:11Z","timestamp":1772017391286,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724371200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007654","name":"University of Agriculture, Faisalabad","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP2024R48"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP2024R48"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007654","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paraquat (PQ) is a noxious herbicide which adversely affects the vital organs including male reproductive system. Sudachitin (SCN) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that demonstrates a wide range of biological potentials. The current study was designed to investigate the alleviative potential of SCN to avert PQ\u2010induced testicular toxicity in rats. Forty\u2010eight male rats (<jats:italic>Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>) were apportioned into four groups including control, PQ (5\u2009mg\/kg), PQ\u2009+\u2009SCN (5\u2009mg\/kg\u2009+\u200930\u2009mg\/kg), and SCN (30\u2009mg\/kg) only treated group. Our findings elucidated that PQ treatment reduced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (Nrf\u20102) and its antioxidant genes as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), while elevating the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Furthermore, PQ intoxication upregulated the expressions of Keap\u20101 while downregulating the expression of 3\u2010beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3\u03b2\u2010HSD), 17\u2010beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17\u03b2\u2010HSD), and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). Moreover, sperm anomalies were increased following the exposure to PQ. Besides, PQ exposure decreased the levels of plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) while increasing the levels of interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106), tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB), interleukin\u20101beta (IL\u20101\u03b2), and cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX\u20102). Additionally, PQ treatment escalated the expressions of cysteinyl aspartate\u2010specific proteases\u20103 (Caspase\u20103) and Bcl\u20102\u2010associated X\u2010protein (Bax) while downregulating the expressions of B\u2010cell lymphoma\u20102 (Bcl\u20102). Furthermore, PQ exposure disrupted the normal architecture of testicular tissues. However, SCN treatment remarkably protected the testicular tissues via regulating the aforementioned disruptions owing to its antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, and androgenic potential.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,24]],"date-time":"2024-08-24T02:24:56Z","timestamp":1724466296000},"page":"5284-5295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Sudachitin Alleviates Paraquat Instigated Testicular Toxicity in Albino Rats via Regulating Nrf\u20102\/Keap\u20101, Inflammatory, Steroidogenic, and Histological Profile"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8398-5364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Umar","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Agriculture  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Imtiaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Agriculture  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Faisal","family":"Hayat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries University of Agriculture  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moazama","family":"Batool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology Govt. College Women University  Sialkot Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Al\u2010Ghanim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mian Nadeem","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas A &amp; M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13555"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80371-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02772248.2012.761999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12389"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8339-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5847\/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2013.02.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"307","article-title":"Ameliorative Effect of Crocin on Sperm Parameters and in Vitro Fertilization in Mice Under Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat","volume":"13","author":"Kamali F. 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