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C57BL\/6 mice were fed a normal diet or a high\u2010fat diet with or without exposure to 1\u2009g\/L lead exposure in drinking water for 8 consecutive weeks. Serum and hepatic biochemistry analysis, histopathological observation, and RT\u2010qPCR were used to explore the potential mechanism of liver damage in obese individuals after Pb exposure, and fecal microbiota transplantation was performed to investigate the role of the gut microbiota in the progression of fatty liver disease. We found that the progression of fatty liver disease induced by high\u2010fat diets was accelerated by chronic lead intake. In addition, the occurrences of liver injury in recipient mice suggested the role of the gut microbiota. 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