{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:26:02Z","timestamp":1790508362422,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sepsis remains the leading cause of multiple\u2010organ injury due to endotoxemia. Astaxanthin (ASTA), widely used in marine aquaculture, has an extraordinary potential for antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory activity. Purinergic receptor (e.g., P2X7R) activation is a powerful signaling in the modulation of inflammation. The effect of ASTA was investigated on the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptotic mediators, and P2X7R expression in the lung injury during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced endotoxemia. Twenty\u2010four rats were blocked into four groups as Control, LPS, ASTA, and LPS\u2009+\u2009ASTA. LPS was administered by intraperitoneal injection and ASTA by gavage. Blood and lung samples were taken 6\u2009h after the administrations. The methods were ELISA, western blotting, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry. Sepsis was confirmed by the elevations of IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u201010, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels in bloodstream. Lung injury was determined by histopathological changes. There were increased P2X7R expression, malondialdehyde (MDA), IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, nuclear factor kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB), and Caspase\u20103 and decreased B\u2010cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl\u20102) and glutathione (GSH) in the septic lung tissue (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). ASTA treatment improved MDA, GSH, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1, P2X7R, NF\u2010\u03baB, Caspase\u20103, and Bcl\u20102 levels and reduced P2X7R immunoreactivity and histological abnormalities in the lung (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). The production of pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, P2X7R expression, and apoptotic mediators in the lung is associated with LPS\u2010induced endotoxemia. The ASTA administration appears to regulate the expressions of P2X7R, NF\u2010\u03baB, Bcl\u20102, and Caspase\u20103 improving the antioxidative and anti\u2010inflammatory response of the lung tissue in sepsis, in\u00a0vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]],"date-time":"2025-01-28T07:29:38Z","timestamp":1738049378000},"page":"924-934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Astaxanthin Alleviates Lung Injury by Regulating Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Response,\n                    <scp>P2X7<\/scp>\n                    Receptor,\n                    <scp>NF<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\u03ba\n                    <scp>B<\/scp>\n                    , Bcl\u20102, and Caspase\u20103 in\n                    <scp>LPS<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Induced Endotoxemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7717-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seckin","family":"Ozkanlar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunusemre","family":"Ozkanlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ondokuz Mayis University  Samsun Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adem","family":"Kara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science Erzurum Technical University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elif","family":"Dalkilinc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Ataturk University  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