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NAC's potential to prevent ovarian toxicity caused by Cd is still unknown. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate the concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependent protective effect of NAC supplementation against Cd\u2010induced granulosa cell toxicity in healthy caprine ovaries. The in\u00a0vitro cultured ovaries\/follicles were subjected to different cytotoxic (ethidium bromide and acridine orange [EB\/AO] staining), histomorphological, and biochemical analyses during study. The results revealed that NAC treatment significantly attenuated the Cd\u2010instigated cytotoxicity in granulosa cells, as evidenced by diminished apoptotic attributes in NAC co\u2010supplemented groups compared to only Cd\u2010exposed groups. Moreover, NAC markedly restored the decline in enzymatic activity of antioxidant enzymes (GST, SOD, and CAT), along with ferric reducing antioxidant power, further diminishing the formation of MDA in Cd exposed caprine ovary. The findings of this study indicated that Cd, being an ovarian toxicant, adversely affects the female reproductive system. However, simultaneous NAC administration significantly reduced the Cd\u2010caused ovarian damage, indicating that NAC has therapeutic potential in controlling female gonadotoxicity due to gradually growing environmental Cd pollution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T02:52:31Z","timestamp":1741575151000},"page":"1102-1112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<i>N<\/i>\u2010Acetyl\u2010<scp>L<\/scp>\u2010Cysteine Mediated Attenuation of Cadmium Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Ovarian Antral Follicles In\u00a0Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Prerna","family":"Bikal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Kurukshetra University  Kurukshetra Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2183-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jitender Kumar","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology Kurukshetra University  Kurukshetra Haryana India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44274\u2010024\u201000030\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)HZ.2153\u20105515.0000366"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-804239-7.00031-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.22823"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1152077"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690\u2010023\u201001172\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"US Geological Survey \u201cMineral Commodity Summaries Cadmium \u201dJanuary 30 2008 https:\/\/d9\u2010wret.s3.us\u2010west\u20102.amazonaws.com\/assets\/palladium\/production\/mineral\u2010pubs\/mcs\/mcs2008.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2005.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.4526"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2020.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0045\u20106535(00)00046\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jbt.20246"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2017.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"543","volume-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease","author":"Stipanuk M. 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