{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T08:23:11Z","timestamp":1777710191030,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1801100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1801100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), extensively utilized as brominated flame retardants, have attained pervasive application in diverse products, thereby manifesting as omnipresent contaminants in the global environmental landscape. Among the PBDEs, 2,2\u2032,4,4\u2032\u2010Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE\u201047) exhibits the broadest distribution and is recognized for its adverse impact on fish. The formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) known as \u201cNETosis\u201d is a neutrophil antimicrobial mechanism that plays an important role in the immune system. However, the impact of BDE\u201047 on the aquatic animal immune system remains unknown. Therefore, our research investigated the toxic mechanism of BDE\u201047 to fish neutrophils. Firstly, the quantitative analysis of NETs showed that BDE\u201047 induced the synthesis of NETs. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that BDE\u201047 could enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The results also suggested that BDE\u201047 may play a role in promoting neutrophil autophagy and apoptosis. In addition, BDE\u201047 exposure inhibited the activities of oxidative stress\u2010related antioxidant enzymes and increased malondialdehyde levels, thus causing oxidative stress. Finally, BDE\u201047 phosphorylated P38 and extracellular signal\u2010regulated Kinase (ERK) pathway proteins. Collectively, BDE\u201047 promotes NETs formation by facilitating the ROS\/P38\/ERK axis and oxidative stress in carp neutrophils, promoting cellular autophagy, in addition to activating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, and this toxicity exists in a dose\u2010dependent manner. The study investigated the fundamental mechanisms of BDE\u201047 on carp neutrophils. This investigation offered fresh perspectives on the immunotoxicological mechanisms of BDE\u201047 and provided a new basis for mitigating the adverse effects of BDE\u201047 on aquatic animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,27]],"date-time":"2025-05-27T09:37:44Z","timestamp":1748338664000},"page":"1233-1244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Induction of Netosis by 2,2,4,4\u2010Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (<scp>BDE<\/scp>\u201047) in <scp><i>Cyprinus Carpio<\/i><\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Zihan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junchen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yizhao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6929-5431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingzeng","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5705-4611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment  Harbin China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AY00266A"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es903476t"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653\u2010019\u201000247\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010018\u201004063\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2008.05.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2017.05.209"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2014.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpi.12871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112779"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2021.103693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.108929"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.06.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12977"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0006297920100065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.2697"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.10.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2010.150"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00108.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045427"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964\u2010024\u201001700\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/23273739.2014.969072"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.08.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092\u20108674(91)90098\u2010j"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20100323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetimm.2021.110234"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0953\u2010816x.2001.01581.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b05130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2022.134463"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15384101.2019.1662678"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00256.2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.126850"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2024.123235"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2023.105625"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2024.109907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155420935403"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20101\u201059745\u2010257\u20101_29"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2019.105286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109046"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2023.106739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2022.104034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es034671j"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117093"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1001\u20100742(11)61033\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.12.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/es9024518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.109531"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115336"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2021005721"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.114295"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v51i4.879"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112729"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21020586"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2012.00307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201006052"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00050\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24391"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2023.109053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010023\u201003476\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis\u20102018\u2010213181"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.949217"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2022.113276"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127385"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.24529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,13]],"date-time":"2025-09-13T10:00:25Z","timestamp":1757757625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.24529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.24529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.24529","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}