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A main mechanism by which air pollutants cause health problems is by entering the respiratory system and increasing oxidative stress. Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid compound found in various plants that exhibits many physiological effects, including antioxidant, anticancer, and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. However, the effect of OA on lung injury caused by air pollutants has not been reported. We therefore analyzed the effect of OA using a mouse model of particulate matter (PM)\u2010induced lung injury. Oral administration of OA (5\u201380\u2009mg\/kg) to male ICR mice suppressed PM\u2010induced increases in inflammatory cell counts, protein levels, and dsDNA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; however, the effects were not significant. We therefore analyzed the efficacy of intravenous administration using OA encapsulated in polyethylene glycol\u2010modified liposomes (OA\u2010Lipo). Intravenous administration of OA\u2010Lipo (20\u2013100\u2009\u03bcg\/kg) was more effective against PM\u2010induced lung injury at lower doses than oral administration. OA\u2010Lipo also significantly suppressed increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and ROS production in PM\u2010exposed mice. Furthermore, intravenous administration of OA\u2010Lipo increased the expression of various antioxidant factors in the lungs of mice. Based on these results, we believe that OA\u2010Lipo exerts an antioxidant effect by increasing the expression of various antioxidant factors, thereby preventing the development of lung injury caused by air pollutants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.24564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T10:05:40Z","timestamp":1755857140000},"page":"121-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Intravenous Administration of Liposomes Encapsulating Oleanolic Acid Ameliorates Lung Injury Caused by\u00a0Air Pollutants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Rioko","family":"Funayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy Musashino University  Nishitokyo 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