{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T05:11:30Z","timestamp":1786511490399,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Sodium hypochlorite is a well\u2010established biocide extensively used in both living and industrial environments; however, exposure to it or improper handling can harm the human body and the environment. Thus, safer alternatives to sodium hypochlorite are required. Therefore, the objective of this research was to assess the genotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, 2\u2010week repeated\u2010dose toxicity studies (oral, dermal), and acute irritation\/corrosion of sodium dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (LOBS), a new alternative biocide in various biological systems. LOBS did not show genotoxic or cardiotoxic effects in the bacterial reverse mutation test, chromosomal aberration test, or hERG assay. Both males and females showed an increase in U\u2010Na levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), while an increase in focus\/foci, thickness in the stomach, and discoloration was observed in the thymus of males during the 2\u2010week repeated oral\u2010dose toxicity study. In the 2\u2010week repeated dermal\u2010dose toxicity study, no significant adverse effects were observed. While mild erythema and edema were observed in all animals during the acute dermal irritation\/corrosion study, all the animals recovered. During the acute eye irritation\/corrosion study, all animals showed mild corneal clouding, conjunctival redness, and conjunctival chemosis; however, all animals recovered. Moreover, LOBS was classified into category 3 (mild irritant) and category 2A (irritant) in the acute dermal and eye irritation\/corrosion studies. Therefore, LOBS should be further developed as a potential alternative biocide to sodium hypochlorite.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T14:51:37Z","timestamp":1767624697000},"page":"670-681","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Preclinical Toxicity Screening of Sodium Dodecanoyloxybenzenesulfonate (\n                    <scp>LOBS<\/scp>\n                    ) as a New Alternative Biocide Using In\u00a0Vitro and In\u00a0Vivo Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Seung Eui","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Environmental Toxicology University of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Toxicology Research Korea Institute of Toxicology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seunghee","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Toxicology Research Korea Institute of Toxicology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Seong","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Toxicology Research Korea Institute of Toxicology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8187-6837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang\u2010Hyun","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human and Environmental Toxicology University of Science and Technology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Advanced Toxicology Research Korea Institute of Toxicology  Daejeon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4265\/bio.11.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA05328E"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Sodium Hypochlorite: History, Properties, Electrochemical Production","volume":"154","author":"Ponzano G. 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