{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T16:16:15Z","timestamp":1788365775671,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) induces oxidative stress, leading to liver, kidney, and hematological toxicity.\n                    <jats:italic>Cola hispida<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a plant with ethnomedicinal relevance, possesses bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. This study investigates the protective effects of the methanolic extract of\n                    <jats:italic>C. hispida<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MECH) against CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced systemic toxicity in rats. Thirty rats were randomly assigned to six groups: controls, CCl4\u2010only, and co\u2010treatment with MECH at doses of 100, 300, and 600\u2009mg\/kg for 21\u2009days, as well as the MECH\u2010only group. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    (liquid form, Sigma\u2010Aldrich) was diluted in olive oil to 30% (v\/v) and administered intraperitoneally at 10\u2009mL\/kg once weekly. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced organ toxicity was assessed via changes in body and organ weights, liver and kidney function markers, hematological indices, malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress biomarkers [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)], and histopathology. The administration of CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    caused a significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) increase in hepatic and renal indices [Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, sodium], oxidative stress (elevated malondialdehyde [MDA]), and hematological disturbances [significant decrease in packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and white blood cell count (WBC)]. The methanolic extract of\n                    <jats:italic>C. hispida<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MECH) co\u2010administration dose\u2010dependently reversed these alterations. Antioxidant enzymes were significantly restored, and histopathological evaluation confirmed reduced tissue damage in the MECH\u2010treated groups. Correlation and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed strong inverse relationships between oxidative stress markers and organ function parameters. MECH exhibits potent systemic protective effects against CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010induced hepato\u2010renal and hematological damage, primarily through antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory mechanisms. These findings underscore the therapeutic promise of\n                    <jats:italic>C. hispida<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the management of oxidative stress\u2010related multi\u2010organ toxicity and support its ethnopharmacological use.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70049","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:18:55Z","timestamp":1770722335000},"page":"1041-1059","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Cola hispida<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Leaf Extract Attenuates Carbon Tetrachloride\u2010Induced Hepato\u2010Reno\u2010Hematotoxicity via Antioxidant Modulation in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Njideka I.","family":"Ani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Enugu State University of Science and Technology  Agbani Enugu State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nnenna","family":"Ajagu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Enugu State University of Science and Technology  Agbani Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-3555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth O.","family":"Okolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Enugu State University of Science and Technology  Agbani Enugu State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2023.08.013"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Review on Kidney\u2010Liver Crosstalk: Pathophysiology of Their Disorders","volume":"26","author":"Rad N. 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