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While a number of molecular mechanisms have been proposed, the complexity of acrylamide toxicological pathways and interactions remains incompletely characterized. In this study, we employed a transcriptomic approach to investigate the transcriptional responses of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Drosophila melanogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    following exposure to acrylamide (100\u2009mg\/kg). Our analysis identified 634 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 362 upregulated and 272 downregulated. Functional analysis revealed these DEGs are enriched in pathways related to reproduction, detoxification, cellular and metabolic processes, signaling, synaptic formation and organization. Notably, acrylamide exposure upregulated the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>tau<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>beta\u2010amyloid protein precursor\u2010like<\/jats:italic>\n                    genes, both implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathology. An aversive memory test further demonstrated that acrylamide impaired the short\u2010term memory of treated flies. Additionally, acrylamide\u2010induced toxicity altered the expression of nine long terminal repeat retrotransposons, belonging to the\n                    <jats:italic>gypsy<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>pao<\/jats:italic>\n                    superfamilies. By exploring the potential role of transposable element activity in acrylamide\u2010mediated toxicity, this study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying its effects. Collectively, these findings offer a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms and pathways associated with the toxic action and detoxification of acrylamide in\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D. melanogaster<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:36:48Z","timestamp":1772991408000},"page":"1105-1118","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diving Deeper Into Mechanisms of Acrylamide\u2010Induced Toxicity:\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    Sequencing Reveals Transcriptomic Alteration and Retrotransposon Expression in\n                    <i>Drosophila melanogaster<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Oluwabukola Mary","family":"Farodoye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Gen\u00e9tica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Titilayomi Ayomide","family":"Otenaike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Gen\u00e9tica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela Moreira","family":"Mombach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Gen\u00e9tica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica Medeiros","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amos Olalekan","family":"Abolaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drosophila Laboratory, Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Science College of Medicine, University of Ibadan  Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7586-8168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elgion Lucio Da Silva","family":"Loreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Gen\u00e9tica e Biologia Molecular Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul  Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Biologia Molecular CCNE, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria  Santa Maria Rio Grande do Sul Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16132032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204\u2010017\u20102143\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mucimm.2023.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010020\u201012287\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2023.110236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2021.1942485"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.2c00662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Known and 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