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Shengmai Yin, a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used to treat coronary heart disease. In the present study, we identified a significant association among the genes\n                    <jats:italic>S100a8<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>S100a9<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nppa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Nppb<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Serpine1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and myocardial ischemic injury aggravated by exposure to particulate matter (PM) using transcriptome and proteome analyses. In addition, we substantiated the involvement of S100a9 in the pathological association between myocardial ischemic injury and aggravation caused by PM exposure. We validated this finding by constructing a mouse model of myocardial ischemia exacerbated by PM exposure. Mice exposed to PM exhibited significant upregulation of S100a9 and S100a8 expressions, significantly increased myocardial injury, further upregulation of IL\u20106 and Ccl2 levels, and significantly increased neutrophil infiltration following myocardial ischemia. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that S100a9 originated from infiltrating neutrophils. Administration of Shengmai Yin significantly alleviated myocardial injury, decreased the levels of the inflammatory factors IL\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20106, and reduced neutrophil infiltration. These results suggest that S100a9 is one of the key molecules in the exacerbation of myocardial ischemic injury caused by PM exposure, and Shengmai Yin acts against PM\u2010aggravated myocardial ischemic injury by reducing S100a9 levels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T08:40:13Z","timestamp":1774082413000},"page":"1443-1458","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shengmai Yin Alleviates Particulate Matter\u2010Aggravated Ischemic Damage by Inhibiting S100a9 Expression"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1611-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuan\u2010min","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong Drug and Food Vocational College  Weihai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Henan Province Hospital of TCM  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shui\u2010qing","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuo\u2010qiu","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong\u2010yuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010na","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Artemisinin Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010jie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide","author":"WHO"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-0371-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.882569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32225-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b06663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2021.06.043"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease: Car Sick","volume":"116","author":"Miller M. 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