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Among the xenobiotics present in aquatic ecosystems, numerous chemical and organic compounds have oxidative potential or are metabolized through oxidative processes, which may amplify the damage caused by reactive oxygen species to biological systems. The quantification of cellular damage and antioxidant defenses can be used as biomarkers for early aquatic contamination. The aim of this research was to use the shrimp\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Macrobrachium amazonicum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    as a bioindicator species to assess oxidative damage caused by xenobiotics in an Environmental Protection Area in the Brazilian Amazon. The analyses evaluated physicochemical parameters, Iron, Copper, Total Solids, pH, and Temperature, as well as non\u2010enzymatic and enzymatic oxidative stress biomarkers: Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) in hepatopancreas homogenates. Among the analyzed metals, only copper (Cu) showed a statistically significant influence on GSH and CAT activities, whereas the other parameters did not exhibit significant effects. Oxidative stress parameters can be important tools in biomonitoring work, helping to understand the effects of contamination on aquatic organisms and providing important information on cellular defense modulations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:50:17Z","timestamp":1772995817000},"page":"1289-1298","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in the Shrimp\n                    <i>Macrobrachium amazonicum<\/i>\n                    (Heller, 1862): Assessment in an Environmental Preservation Area in the Brazilian Amazon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Eduarda","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG\u2010BIONORTE) Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amap\u00e1 (IFAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arllon Jos\u00e9","family":"dos Santos Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG\u2010BIONORTE) Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Layane Vitoria","family":"dos Santos e Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"de Matos Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darlan Coutinho","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8249-7617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson Rom\u00e1ryo Duarte","family":"da Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"College of Biological Sciences Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP)  Oiapoque Amap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9073-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Araujo\u2010Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory Amap\u00e1 State University (UEAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"},{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Biodiversity and Biotechnology of the BIONORTE Network (PPG\u2010BIONORTE) Federal University of Amap\u00e1 (UNIFAP)  Macap\u00e1 Amap\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2021.152741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0231310"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/ZOOTAXA.5178.1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1073582"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030312"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8416763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101944"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","article-title":"Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Effects of Nanoencapsulated Brazilian Red Propolis Extract: Applications in Cancer Therapy","volume":"12","author":"Justino I. 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