{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T04:01:24Z","timestamp":1780200084391,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Exposure to synthetic pesticides such as Lambda\u2010cyhalothrin poses a significant risk to liver health by inducing reactive oxygen species and triggering inflammation. Essential oils have been suggested as a natural approach to counteract these harmful effects due to their antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory properties. The aim of this study was to combine chemical characterization (GC\u2013MS) and biological evaluation of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    essential oil to explore its hepatoprotective potential against Lambda\u2010cyhalothrin\u2010induced liver toxicity in male rabbits.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    essential oil was chemically characterized using (GC\u2013MS). Accordingly, Forty male\n                    <jats:italic>Cuniculus lepus<\/jats:italic>\n                    rabbits were randomly divided into four groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910 each): Control (tap water),\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    essential oil (250\u2009mg\/kg diet), Lambda\u2010cyhalothrin (50\u2009mg\/kg diet), and a combination of both treatments. GC\u2013MS analysis revealed that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    essential oil belongs to a cineole\u2010type chemotype. Rabbits exposed to Lambda\u2010cyhalothrin showed marked hepatic damage, including hepatocyte degeneration, vacuolization, inflammatory infiltration, central vein dilation, and cytoplasmic rarefaction. Biochemical analysis revealed significant elevations in C\u2010reactive protein, bilirubin, AST, ALT, and ALP (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), with decreased direct bilirubin and GGT. Oxidative stress was confirmed by increased malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity. Co\u2010administration of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    essential oil significantly ameliorated these alterations, restoring biochemical markers and hepatic architecture. These findings highlight the hepatoprotective and antioxidant role of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Salvia officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    essential oil in preventing liver injury induced by Lambda\u2010cyhalothrin, suggesting its potential in mitigating pesticide\u2010related toxicity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T03:15:09Z","timestamp":1780197309000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Protective Potential of\n                    <i>Salvia officinalis<\/i>\n                    Essential Oil Against Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin\u2010Induced Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress in Male Rabbits: Biochemical and Histopathological Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4016-4635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadjer","family":"Djemil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Souk Ahras, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences Laboratory of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems  Souk Ahras Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumaya","family":"Boubsil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Souk Ahras, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences Department of Biology  Souk Ahras Algeria"},{"name":"University of Annaba, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology  Annaba Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Merghad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Souk Ahras, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences Laboratory of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems  Souk Ahras Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nour El Yakine","family":"Bouaroudj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Souk Ahras, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences Laboratory of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems  Souk Ahras Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nouha","family":"Kaouachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Souk Ahras, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences Laboratory of Aquatic and Terrestrial Ecosystems  Souk Ahras Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdennour","family":"Cherif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Annaba, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology Laboratory of Animal Ecophysiology  Annaba Algeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hazadv.2023.100284"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.108.022343"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2024.135650","article-title":"The Effect of Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin Nanocapsules on the Gut Microbial Communities and Immune Response of the Bee Elucidates the Potential Environmental Impact of Emerging Nanopesticides","volume":"479","author":"Guo D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects15030173"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56557\/upjoz\/2024\/v45i184473"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ARRB\/2017\/31906"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","volume-title":"Impact of Co\u2010Exposure on Biomarkers of Exposure to Pyrethroid Pesticides: Animal and Agricultural Worker Studies [Dissertation]","author":"Bossou Y. M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v10i3\u2010s.4186"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2021.13.179"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2022.111236"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165157"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2019.1631359"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076\u20106879(78)52032\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304\u20103835(88)90069\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076\u20106879(84)05016\u20103"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Quality of Sage (\n                     Salvia officinalis\n                   L.) Essential Oil Grown in Egypt","volume":"1","author":"Said\u2010Al Ahl H.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Plant Science and Ecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2022.101460"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np50044a023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2019.1651223"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2009.06.001","article-title":"Plant Growth, Essential Oil Yield and Composition of Sage (\n                     Salvia officinalis\n                   L.) Fruits Cultivated Under Salt Stress Conditions","volume":"30","author":"Ben Taarit M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Industrial Crops and Products"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","first-page":"707","article-title":"Laurus nobilis\n                  , Salvia sclarea and \n                     Salvia officinalis\n                   Essential Oils and Hydrolates: Evaluation of Liquid and Vapor Phase Chemical Composition and Biological Activities","volume":"10","author":"Ovidi E.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants (Basel)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2012.12.036","article-title":"Chemical Composition and Anticancer Activity of Essential Oils of Mediterranean Sage (\n                     Salvia officinalis\n                   L.) Grown in Different Environmental Conditions","volume":"55","author":"Russo A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants12091794"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Gas Chromatography\u2010Mass Spectrometry (GC\u2010MS) Analysis of Essential Oil \n                     Salvia officinalis\n                   in Sudan","volume":"1","author":"Mohamed A. Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Essential Oil Compounds and Antioxidant Activity for \u03b1\u2010Thujene Rich Two Species of Artemisia, Case Study (Kashan Rangelands From Iran)","volume":"1","author":"Dehghani Bidgoli R.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Science and Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of Nephroprotective Effects of \n                     Foeniculum vulgare\n                   Mill, \n                     Solanum nigrum\n                   Linn and Their Mixture Against Gentamicin\u2010Induced Nephrotoxicity in Albino Rabbits","volume":"25","author":"Manzoor Z.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2009.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7888\/juoeh.43.173"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Evaluation of Pesticides Induced Toxicity by Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers","volume":"58","author":"Khan D. A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pakistan Armed Forces Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2728"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08456"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejh.2022.129089.1665"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939\u2010165X.2005.tb00041.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","unstructured":"S.Pande \u201cEffect of Synthetic Pyrethroids on Certain Haematobiochemical Parameters ofRattus norvegicus \u201d2001) [Doctoral Dissertation]. Agra: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","first-page":"81","article-title":"Serum Biochemical Responses Under Stress of Cypermethrin in Albino Rats","volume":"11","author":"Bhushan B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental and Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.784281"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2015.31820"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etp.2008.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110376550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.22848"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomag.2014.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/pfc\u2010120019902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20959\/wjpps20229\u201023012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23784"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2020.510.517"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2021.109164"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","first-page":"RA141","article-title":"Pesticides and Oxidative Stress: A Review","volume":"10","author":"Abdollahi M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor: International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02274"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2009.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2020.12.1.0204"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","first-page":"238","article-title":"Toxicity of Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin on Erythrogram, Liver, and Kidney With Modulation by Vitamin C","volume":"22","author":"Waheed R. M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Benha Veterinary Medical Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Oral Toxicity of Deltamethrin and Fenvalerate in Swiss Mice","volume":"8","author":"Tos\u2010Luty S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2023.153464"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2006.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119829518"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59566\/ijbs.2016.12071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2004.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2004.11.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2023.2228516"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2018.1478427"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15129252"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357011775604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233710388452"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y11\u2010067"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","first-page":"5546","article-title":"Anti\u2010Cancer Activity of Ethanolic Leaf Extract of \n                     Salvia officinalis\n                   Against Oral Squamous Carcinoma Cells in Vitro via Caspase\u2010Mediated Mitochondrial Apoptosis","volume":"16","author":"Rajagopalan P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Magazine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032\u2010025\u201002946\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","author":"He L. M.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.176022","article-title":"Assessing Ecological Responses of Exposure to the Pyrethroid Insecticide Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin in Subtropical Freshwater Ecosystems","volume":"952","author":"Yao K. S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41936\u2010020\u201000201\u2010y"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","first-page":"7297","article-title":"Hepatopancreatic Intoxication of Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin Insecticide on Albino Rats","volume":"8","author":"Elhalwagy M. E. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Effects of Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin on Reproductive Characteristics in Pregnant Rabbit Doe (\n                     Oryctolagus cuniculus\n                  )","volume":"5","author":"Adam M. T. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Focus on Medical Science Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110376550"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114579"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","first-page":"560","article-title":"Salvia Officinalis L. Induces Alveolar Bud Growing in Adult Female Rat Mammary Glands","volume":"5","author":"Monsefi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.70124","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/tox.70124","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.70124","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T03:15:21Z","timestamp":1780197321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.70124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"references-count":78,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.70124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.70124","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"tox.70124"}}