{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:57:45Z","timestamp":1781161065659,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Plectranthus amboinicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    leaves are rich in bioactive phytochemicals with documented antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory activities. The present study was conducted to discuss the protective potentials of free ethanolic extracts of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. amboinicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    leaves (PAEE) and its chitosan (CS)\u2010based nanoformulation against lambda\u2010cyhalothrin (LCT)\u2010induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage in male mice. Animals were equally distributed into five experimental groups as follows: control, LCT\u2010treated (1\u2009mg\/kg b.wt), PAEE (200\u2009mg\/kg b.wt)\u2009+\u2009LCT, CS\u2010loaded PAEE nanoformulation (200\u2009mg\/kg body weight)\u2009+\u2009LCT, and CS nanoparticle control. All treatments were administered orally for 28\u2009days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and serum samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx), pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201033, IL\u201017), the autoimmune antinuclear antibody marker (ANA) and hematological parameters. Moreover, DNA damage was assessed by comet assay. Spleen tissues were harvested for histopathological examination. Results of the present study revealed that LCT exposure resulted in significant oxidative stress, evidenced by reduced antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), elevated pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines (TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106, IL\u201033, IL\u201017) and ANA, altered hematological parameters, increased DNA damage, and histopathological alterations in spleen tissue. Pretreatment with PAEE significantly attenuated these effects, while the nanoformulation demonstrated superior protective efficacy compared to the free extract. The enhanced efficacy of CS\/PAEE may be attributed to improved stability, bioavailability, and sustained release of PAEE bioactive compounds resulting in prolonged antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects. These findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. amboinicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2010based nanoformulations may represent a promising, eco\u2010friendly approach for mitigating pesticide\u2010induced toxicological effects associated with environmental exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T06:15:56Z","timestamp":1781158556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ameliorative Effect of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Plectranthus amboinicus<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Ethanolic Extract and Its Chitosan Nanoformulation Against Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin\u2010Induced Toxicity in Male Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hader M.","family":"El Basel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Fayoum University  Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7870-7626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah M.","family":"Fathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Fayoum University  Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naglaa R.","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Fayoum University  Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4301-5678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noha I.","family":"Said","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science Fayoum University  Fayoum Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.030","article-title":"Pyrethroid Insecticide Lambda\u2010Cyhalothrin Induces Hepatic Cytochrome P450 Enzymes, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Rats","volume":"631","author":"Mart\u00ednez A. 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