{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:53:32Z","timestamp":1782921212433,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Antibiotic pollution in aquatic systems is an emerging global concern, but the sublethal effects of acute exposure on aquatic vertebrates are poorly understood. This study examined the acute toxicity by exposing adult zebrafish to three concentrations (1, 5, and 10\u2009mg\/L) of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and levonadifloxacin (LND) for 96\u2009h. Behavioral, histological, biochemical, and transcriptional changes were assessed. In the novel tank\u2010dive test, both antibiotics induced concentration\u2010 and time\u2010dependent anxiogenic behaviors, such as reduced exploration, decreased total distance traveled, and less time in the upper zone. Histopathological analysis showed progressive tissue damage beginning in the gill epithelium and spreading to the intestine and muscle. Overall, lesion severity increased with higher concentrations and was consistently higher in CIP\u2010exposed fish. Antioxidant enzyme activity exhibited significant changes in superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase 1. Early increase in enzyme levels at 48\u2009h coincided with reduced transcription of\n                    <jats:italic>sod1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>cat1<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>gpx1a<\/jats:italic>\n                    . At 96\u2009h, transcription levels increased while protein levels remained stable. Pathway analysis grouped these genes within interconnected oxidative stress networks rather than cell death pathways. Overall, the results indicate that exposure to both fluoroquinolones for 96\u2009h causes a staged oxidative stress response, along with behavioral disruptions and tissue damage. CIP caused stronger immediate biological effects than LND at the same concentrations, although both antibiotics disturbed organismal homeostasis at sublethal levels. These findings highlight the ecological importance of short\u2010term antibiotic contamination and demonstrate the value of multiple endpoints for detecting early toxic effects in aquatic organisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T15:37:28Z","timestamp":1782920248000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute Exposure to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin and Levonadifloxacin Alters Behavior, Organ Health, and Stress Response in Adult Zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2864-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aman Kumar","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Research Group Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed\u2010To\u2010Be\u2010University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourik","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Research Group Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed\u2010To\u2010Be\u2010University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipayan Deb","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SRM Medical College Hospital &amp; Research Centre SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST)  Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1631-7892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Sowmya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College &amp; Research Institute (MGMCRI) Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed\u2010To\u2010Be\u2010University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Sivanantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College &amp; Research Institute (MGMCRI) Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed\u2010To\u2010Be\u2010University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. K. Subramania","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College &amp; Research Institute (MGMCRI) Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed\u2010To\u2010Be\u2010University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raj Kumar","family":"Chinnadurai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Research Group Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed\u2010To\u2010Be\u2010University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6775-1090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abhijit","family":"Poddar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Research Group Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed\u2010To\u2010Be\u2010University)  Pondicherry India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579\u2010021\u201000649\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10653\u2010024\u201002146\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2021.1974657"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2004.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44454\u2010025\u201000015\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2014.08.075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2019.103242"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11120966"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.116969"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2021.02.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.150677"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054952"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.76315"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S229882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2018.10.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","volume-title":"Principles 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