{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T21:07:16Z","timestamp":1789074436300,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004748","name":"Mashhad University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4032579"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4032579"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n is a nutritional supplement known for its antioxidant properties and beneficial effects on different organs. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n supplementation against acute lead toxicity in rats. Thirty\u2010two male Wistar rats were divided into four groups and treated daily for 7\u2009days. The control group received normal saline (1\u2009mL\/day, orally). The model group received lead acetate (50\u2009mg\/kg\/day, ip) without any treatment, and the model with either ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (50\u2009mg\/kg\/day, ip) or\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (200\u2009mg\/kg\/day, oral gavage). After 7\u2009days, blood samples were collected, and livers, kidneys, and testes were excised and stored for evaluation of oxidative stress markers and histological assessment. Acute lead acetate administration resulted in significant weight loss, an increase in kidney index, elevated serum creatinine and liver enzyme levels, including serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic\u2010pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase (AlkP), and extensive histological damage in the liver, kidney, and testicular tissues. Administration of the\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly improved serum creatinine and AlkP, showing greater efficacy than EDTA, and reduced histopathological changes, similar to EDTA, including hepatic vascular congestion and fibrosis, renal dilation of Bowman spaces, and glomerular degeneration. Furthermore,\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n treatment improved Leydig and spermatogonia cell counts. Both\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and EDTA reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities in these organs.\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n exhibited protective effects against lead\u2010induced hepatic, renal and testicular damage through its ability to reduce oxidative stress damage. These results indicate that\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n may serve as a valuable adjunct therapy for mitigating lead\u2010associated organ damage.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T11:41:43Z","timestamp":1783165303000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Ameliorative Effects of\n \n Ginkgo biloba<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n on Lead Acetate\u2010Induced Oxidative Stress and Histopathological Damages in Rat Liver, Kidney, and Testis"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3216-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Khoshniat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Saroughi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khatereh","family":"Kharazmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedeh Elnaz","family":"Nazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3579","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-025-04113-0","article-title":"Spirulina as a Natural Shield: A Comprehensive Review of Its Protective Effects Against Lead Toxicity","volume":"99","author":"Kamel M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Archives of Toxicology"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"124","article-title":"Blood Lead Level in Opium Abuse; Which Is More Dangerous? 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