{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T05:00:27Z","timestamp":1784955627413,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#402532\/2023\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#402532\/2023\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#443953\/2023\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#443953\/2023\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Microplastic (MP) pollution is widely recognized as an emerging environmental threat. Yet, most studies still rely on controlled experimental conditions that poorly reflect environmental complexity, potentially underestimating risks under realistic scenarios, particularly during short\u2010term exposures. Here, we tested whether acute oral exposure to an environmentally relevant mixture of MPs (PE, PS, PP, and PVC) induces physiological changes in Swiss mice under contrasting climate regimes. Males and females were exposed for 7\u2009days to two MP doses (8 and 80\u2009mg\/kg\/day) under a realistic thermal regime with gradual, predictable fluctuations and a pessimistic regime characterized by abrupt, unpredictable temperature shifts. MPs accumulated in the liver primarily as a function of exposure group and sex, with scenario\u2010related differences detected in specific sex\/exposure contrasts, alongside alterations in oxidative stress and biotransformation biomarkers, including ROS, MDA, SOD, CAT, and GST. Behavioral alterations, including changes in locomotion and anxiety\u2010like responses, also varied according to the interaction between dose and thermal regime. Multivariate analyses (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Principal Coordinates Analysis, multivariate trajectories, and Distance to Control) showed clear separation among groups and greater deviation from controls, particularly in males under the pessimistic regime. Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis identified key biomarkers linked to redox balance, energy metabolism, and neurochemical regulation. At the same time, network analysis suggested correlation\u2010based changes in physiological integration under more stressful conditions. Together, our results show that acute MP exposure can induce measurable systemic physiological shifts under dynamic environmental conditions. The findings indicate that MP toxicity is strongly context\u2010dependent and may be underestimated by conventional approaches, underscoring the need for more integrative and ecologically realistic ecotoxicological frameworks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T04:00:14Z","timestamp":1784952014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Climate\u2010Modulated Particle Toxicity: Acute Exposure to an Environmentally Informed Microplastic Mixture Induces Sex\u2010Dependent Systemic Reorganization in Swiss Mice"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4773-7598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guilherme","family":"Malafaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute \u2013 Uruta\u00ed Campus  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"},{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources Goiano Federal Institute  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"},{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Goiano Federal Institute  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7754-903X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafaela Ribeiro","family":"de Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Goiano Federal Institute  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Sueli de Lima","family":"de Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute \u2013 Uruta\u00ed Campus  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"},{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Conservation of Cerrado Natural Resources Goiano Federal Institute  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omar Cruz","family":"Santiago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Division of Life Sciences, Campus Irapuato\u2010Salamanca Universidad de Guanajuato  Irapuato M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s Hugo","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Argentine Institute of Oceanography, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) \u2013 National University of the South  Bah\u00eda Blanca Argentina"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry National University of the South  Bah\u00eda Blanca Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0573-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiarlen Marinho","family":"da Luz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology Applied to the Environment Goiano Federal Institute \u2013 Uruta\u00ed Campus  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"},{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity Goiano Federal Institute  Uruta\u00ed Goi\u00e1s Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clema.2024.100220","article-title":"The World of Plastic Waste: A Review","volume":"11","author":"Pilapitiya P. N. T.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cleaner Materials"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su16020643","article-title":"Future Projections of Global Plastic Pollution: Scenario Analyses and Policy Implications","volume":"16","author":"Yan H.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"Plastics \u2013 The Fast Facts 2024","author":"Plastics Europe","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781003053071","volume-title":"Particulate Plastics in Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments","author":"Bolan N. 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A.","year":"2026","journal-title":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marpolbul.2025.118070","article-title":"High Levels of Microplastics and Microrubber Pollution in a Remote, Protected Mediterranean \n                     Cladocora caespitosa\n                   Coral Bed","volume":"217","author":"Reuning L.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Marine Pollution Bulletin"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-024-07731-z","article-title":"A Critical Review on Biological Impacts, Ecotoxicity, and Health Risks Associated With Microplastics","volume":"236","author":"Ansari I.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csr.2024.105371","article-title":"Bibliometric Analysis of Microplastics Research: Advances and Future Directions (2020\u20132024)","volume":"285","author":"Xing Z.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Continental Shelf Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.121361","article-title":"A Critical Review of the Ecotoxic Effects of Microplastics on Aquatic, Soil and Atmospheric Ecosystems and Current Research Challenges","volume":"274","author":"Yang H.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1231955","article-title":"Environmental Stressors, Multi\u2010Hazards, and Their Impact on Health","volume":"11","author":"Adegboye O. 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J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10060326","article-title":"Nanoplastics in Aquatic Environments: Impacts on Aquatic Species and Interactions With Environmental Factors and Pollutants","volume":"10","author":"Trevisan R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.177001","article-title":"Response of Aquatic Ecosystems Multi\u2010Trophic Biological Communities Under Multiple Pollutants Stress","volume":"955","author":"Wang X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1002\/etc.5993","article-title":"Quantifying Effects and Ingestion of Several Pristine Microplastics in Two Early Life Stages of Freshwater Mussels: Effect of Microplastics on Freshwater Mussels","volume":"43","author":"Kudla Y. M.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.06.359","article-title":"Polyethylene Microplastics Adhere to \n                     Lemna minor\n                   (L.), Yet Have no Effects on Plant Growth or Feeding by \n                     Gammarus duebeni\n                   (Lillj.)","volume":"689","author":"Mateos\u2010C\u00e1rdenas A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127748","article-title":"Toxicological Effects Induced on Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (\n                     Danio rerio\n                  ) After an Acute Exposure to Microplastics Alone or Co\u2010Exposed With Copper","volume":"261","author":"Santos D.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-21849-y","article-title":"Toxic Effects of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid Nanoplastics on Developing Zebrafish (\n                     Danio rerio\n                  )","volume":"15","author":"Scalia F.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.62046\/gijams.2025.v03i02.011","article-title":"Invariance of Extreme Hydrologic Events and Climate Change in the Risk Reduction on Environment and Health","volume":"3","author":"Chukwuma C.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Greenfort International Journal of Applied Medical Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5040\/9798765116562","volume-title":"Extreme Weather and Climate Change: A Reference Handbook","author":"Groves M.","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"1513","volume-title":"Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","author":"Seneviratne S. 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T. B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2019.121066","article-title":"How Much Are Microplastics Harmful to the Health of Amphibians? A Study With Pristine Polyethylene Microplastics and \n                     Physalaemus cuvieri","volume":"382","author":"Ara\u00fajo A. P. C.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.124152","article-title":"Behavioral and Biochemical Consequences of \n                     Danio rerio\n                   Larvae Exposure to Polylactic Acid Bioplastic","volume":"404","author":"De\u2010Oliveira J. P. J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Hazardous Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2025.122923","article-title":"Microplastic Pollution Across the Brazilian Coastline: Evidence From the MICROMar Project, the Largest Coastal Survey in the Global South","volume":"286","author":"Luz T. M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics12050330","article-title":"Identification and Visualization of Polystyrene Microplastics\/Nanoplastics in Flavored Yogurt by Raman Imaging","volume":"12","author":"Ling X.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Toxics"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-37653765202520250679","article-title":"Potential Effects of Plastic Waste: Microplastics, a Global Concern","volume":"97","author":"Costa M. P. M. D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2025.1672484","article-title":"Microplastics in Ecosystems: Ecotoxicological Threats and Strategies for Mitigation and Governance","volume":"12","author":"Das B. K.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Marine Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s43832-025-00291-1","article-title":"A Systematic Review on the Presence of Microplastics in Drinking Water in South American Countries With a Special Emphasis on Health Risk Assessment","volume":"5","author":"Deepika D.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discover Water"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fenvs.2025.1606332","article-title":"A Review of Microplastic Pollution and Human Health Risk Assessment: Current Knowledge and Future Outlook","volume":"13","author":"Hoang H. 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A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mammalian Genome: Official Journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0224-7","article-title":"Comparing Phenotypic Variation Between Inbred and Outbred Mice","volume":"15","author":"Tuttle A. H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Methods"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.711065","article-title":"Effect of Estrous Cycle on Behavior of Females in Rodent Tests of Anxiety","volume":"12","author":"Lovick T. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2024.105789","article-title":"The Impact of Estrous Cycle on Anxiety\u2010Like Behaviour During Unlearned Fear Tests in Female Rats and Mice: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"164","author":"Pestana J. E.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Public Health and Toxicology Issues in Drug Research","author":"More A.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2025.107547","article-title":"Extreme Low\u2010Temperature Exacerbates Polystyrene Microplastic\u2010Induced Neuroendocrine and Behavioral Dysfunctions in Female Mice","volume":"111","author":"Barichello L. A. 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S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8225","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c00924","article-title":"Cutting Boards: An Overlooked Source of Microplastics in Human Food?","volume":"57","author":"Yadav H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","volume-title":"Guidance for Industry: Estimating the Maximum Safe Stating Dose in Adult Healthy Volunters","author":"USFDA","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A Simple Practice Guide for Dose Conversion Between Animals and Human","volume":"7","author":"Nair A. B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/10934529.2022.2064668","article-title":"Transcriptome Alterations in Zebrafish Gill After Exposure to Different Sizes of Microplastics","volume":"57","author":"Xue Y. H.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A"},{"issue":"14","key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142256","article-title":"Dietary Microplastic Administration During Zebrafish (\n                     Danio rerio\n                  ) Development: A Comprehensive and Comparative Study Between Larval and Juvenile Stages","volume":"13","author":"Cattaneo N.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20043617","article-title":"Multilevel Toxicity Evaluations of Polyethylene Microplastics in Zebrafish (\n                     Danio rerio\n                  )","volume":"20","author":"De\u2010Souza\u2010Freire I.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2004GL019998","article-title":"Diurnal Temperature Range as an Index of Global Climate Change During the Twentieth Century","volume":"31","author":"Braganza K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781139057868","volume-title":"Tropical Ecosystems and Ecological Concepts","author":"Osborne P. 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