{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T05:26:22Z","timestamp":1787203582455,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Brazilian social stingless bees are important pollinators and producers of honey, wax, royal jelly, propolis, and other products. These species are experiencing a population decline, attributed to different factors, such as the excessive use of pesticides. Biological control has been proposed as an alternative to chemical control, relying on the use of natural enemies to manage pests, including microorganisms such as entomopathogenic fungi. However, little is known about the effects of these agents on stingless bees. Therefore, this research evaluated the effect of the commercial bioproduct\n                    <jats:italic>Metarhizium<\/jats:italic>\n                    Oligos WP on the stingless bee\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Scaptotrigona depilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . After 5 and 10\u2009days of exposure, the bees were cold\u2010immobilized and then dissected in saline solution, and the midgut was collected for histological and ultrastructural analyses. Injured organs were analyzed semiquantitatively. Additionally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were determined to investigate the occurrence of oxidative stress. Behavioral assessments were also performed. Although there were no significant changes in SOD and CAT activities, oxidative stress may have been induced, possibly due to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and free radicals generated during fungal infection. These effects are believed to be the cause of the observed alterations in midgut morphology, as well as physiological and behavioral changes, such as impaired locomotion. The findings demonstrate the negative impact of the bioproduct on\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. depilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    stingless bees and suggest it may affect their pollination potential.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T05:03:36Z","timestamp":1787202216000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Commercial Product Based on\n                    <i>Metarhizium Anisopliae<\/i>\n                    Affects Survival, Midgut Morphology, and Behavior in the Stingless Bee\n                    <i>Scaptotrigona depilis<\/i>\n                    (Hymenoptera: Apidae)"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2559-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andressa","family":"Santoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5279-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiani Rodrigues","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2069-2400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Talita Aparecida T\u00f3dora","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0196-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wingly Santos","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9914-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalia Rodrigues","family":"da Silva de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8322-9235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Breno Gabriel","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Exact Sciences \u201cLuiz de Queiroz\u201d College of Agriculture University of S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1242-7856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo Henrique","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3315-3540","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Livia","family":"Bracht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2752-642X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana Aparecida Sin\u00f3polis","family":"Gigliolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2028-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Claudia Colla Ruvolo","family":"Takasusuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Genetics, and Cell Biology State University of Maring\u00e1  Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"54","volume-title":"Guia Ilustrado de Abelhas Polinizadoras no Brasil","author":"Da Silva C. 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