{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T17:07:08Z","timestamp":1788887228232,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000203","name":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The increased use of agrochemicals to enhance crop production has had detrimental environmental effects including implication in the sharp decline of North American farmland\u2010breeding birds. Here, using a combination of deep shotgun metatranscriptomics and pesticide exposure data, we sought to assess whether exposure to cotton (\n                    <jats:italic>Gossypium<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) production had a differential effect on ileum multi\u2010kingdom microbial activity, metabolism, anti\u2010microbial resistance, and virulence factors of sedentary northern mockingbirds (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Mimus polyglottos<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) sampled from two cotton\u2010producing areas (16 birds in total) and one uncultivated area (7 birds) in Texas, USA. Both Shannon Index values (Adj.\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.174,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>(1,21)<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20095.633,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.027) and a Mantel test (Spearman\n                    <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.184,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013) supported a relationship between metabolically active microbiota Bray\u2013Curtis dissimilarities and differences in pesticide mixtures among study areas. Virulence factor richness (Adj.\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.182,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>(1,21)<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20095.890,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.024), Shannon Index (Adj.\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.231,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>(1,21)<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20097.612,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.012), and load (sum of virulence factor abundances; Adj.\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.160,\n                    <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>(1,21)<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20095.194,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.033) were related to total pesticide load (total quantity of pesticides). We found no pesticide effects on expression of either antimicrobial resistance genes or metabolic pathways.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:40:55Z","timestamp":1788313255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cotton Farming Pesticides Affect Ileal Microbiota Activity and Expression of Virulome but Not Resistome or Metabolic Pathways in a Sedentary Wild Passerine"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1832-5597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Serguei V.","family":"Drovetski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at the Patuxent Research Refuge  Laurel Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0891-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle L.","family":"Hladik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center  Sacramento California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6303-5954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolina F.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3529-6505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dana W.","family":"Kolpin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3659-3971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Voelker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology Texas A&amp;M University  College Station Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2022.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14888386.2017.1351892"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/536143a"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41559\u2010018\u20100793\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2418742122"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2025.111181"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2501340122"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2019.01.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/land9020034"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.15510"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956\u20107135(02)00017\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119418"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523\u2010026\u201000523\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18115510"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c04678"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356\u2010014\u20103180\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2017.11.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ads0871"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jav.01788"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ftox.2025.1634241"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s42523\u2010019\u20100002\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2021.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010020\u201015222\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G.Farnsworth G. 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W.Kolpin andG.Voelker \u201cNorthern Mockingbird Ileal Microbiota Activity and Expression of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes Virulence Factors and Metabolic Pathways in Texas Cotton Producing and Uncultivated Areas \u201d2026 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5066\/P1PVV6FU."}],"container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.70193","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/tox.70193","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/tox.70193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T16:15:29Z","timestamp":1788884129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/tox.70193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["10.1002\/tox.70193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/tox.70193","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1520-4081","1522-7278"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1520-4081","type":"print"},{"value":"1522-7278","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"tox.70193"}}