{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:07:37Z","timestamp":1789726057348,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001503","name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FREM\/17\u201020\/12"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FREM\/17\u201020\/12"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001503","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Accurate interpretation of gene expression in organisms exposed to emerging contaminants (ECs) requires reliable normalization using stable reference genes. In this study, six candidate housekeeping genes (EEF1A1, GAPDH, ACTB, TBP, RAG1, and PKM) were evaluated in fish (\n                    <jats:italic>Labeo catla<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) liver under exposure to chlorpyrifos, triclosan, and oxytetracycline. Expression stability was assessed using geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and the \u0394\n                    <jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>t<\/jats:sub>\n                    method, with RefFinder providing an integrated ranking. EEF1A1 consistently showed the highest stability, whereas PKM and RAG1 were the least reliable. Normalization of the xenobiotic response gene CYP1A1 with stable (EEF1A1) versus unstable (PKM, RAG1) genes revealed that inappropriate reference gene choice produced misleading expression profiles. These results highlight the critical importance of empirical reference gene validation for accurate qRT\u2010PCR\u2013based gene expression analysis, particularly in ecotoxicological studies involving exposure to complex mixtures of contaminants.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:46:14Z","timestamp":1789724774000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Reference Gene Choice on Accurate Gene Expression Analysis Under Emerging Contaminant Exposure"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2898-7850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kavita","family":"Kumari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md.","family":"Aftabuddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3929-503X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subir Kumar","family":"Nag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6115-9838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soma Das","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0967-2746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shubhadeep","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research  New Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6629-8992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Basanta Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091715","article-title":"Reference Gene Selection for Quantitative Real\u2010Time RT\u2010PCR Normalization in the Half\u2010Smooth Tongue Sole (\n                     Cynoglossus semilaevis\n                  ) at Different Developmental Stages, in Various Tissue Types and on Exposure to Chemicals","volume":"9","author":"Liu C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911427"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.5897\/AJPP2015.4341","article-title":"Extraction of Tetracycline Antimicrobials From River Water and Sediment: A Comparative Study of Three Solid Phase Extraction Methods","volume":"9","author":"Dzomba P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1897\/07\u2010080.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2017.12.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110731"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83341","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-28222-4","article-title":"Assessment of Environmental and Human Health Risk From Pesticide Residues in River Gomti, Northern India","volume":"30","author":"Nag S. 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