{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:57:09Z","timestamp":1791392229521,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Persistent organic pollutants such as hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and its major metabolite p,p\u2032\u2010dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p\u2032\u2010DDE) are lipophilic organochlorine pesticides that persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in tissues. We aimed to evaluate the hepatic and renal effects of subchronic low\u2010dose oral exposure to HCB, DDT, and p,p\u2032\u2010DDE in male rats using serum biochemistry and histopathology. Thirty\u2010two male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were randomly assigned to control, HCB, DDT, and p,p\u2032\u2010DDE groups (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20098\/group). Animals received 5\u2009mg\/kg of each compound or vehicle (corn oil) by oral gavage every other day for 5\u2009weeks. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine were measured. Liver and kidney tissues were examined histologically and injury was quantified by a semi\u2010quantitative histopathological H\u2010score. Exposure did not significantly alter ALT, AST, total bilirubin, BUN or creatinine. However, ALP activity was significantly decreased in the DDT\u2010 and p,p\u2032\u2010DDE\u2010treated groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Histopathology showed marked renal alterations in the HCB and DDT groups, including glomerular deformation, narrowed Bowman's space, and tubular disorganization, and the renal H\u2010score was significantly higher than control in both groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Hepatic architecture and H\u2010score were similar in all groups. Low\u2010dose subchronic exposure to HCB and DDT was associated with quantifiable renal histopathological alterations in the absence of parallel biochemical abnormalities, which may reflect early, subclinical nephrotoxicity. DDT and p,p\u2032\u2010DDE selectively reduced serum ALP activity. These findings suggest that more sensitive endpoints than serum biomarkers may be required to detect organ injury associated with organochlorine pesticide exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70200","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:22:38Z","timestamp":1791390158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic Effects of Hexachlorobenzene,\n                    <scp>DDT<\/scp>\n                    , and p,p\u2032\u2010\n                    <scp>DDE<\/scp>\n                    in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6273-0004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khuoloud","family":"Keshim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Yeditepe University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Libyan Center for Medical Research  Zawia Libya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9618-6203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cihan Suleyman","family":"Erdogan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Yeditepe University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6781-9983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aylin","family":"Yaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology Yeditepe University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9228-7963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Engin","family":"Sumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Research Center Yeditepe University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2674-6535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bayram","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Yeditepe University  Istanbul T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology Dokuz Eylul University  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"},{"name":"Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center  Izmir T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s11154-019-09521-z","article-title":"Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Exposure, Effects on Human Health, Mechanism of Action, Models for Testing and Strategies for Prevention","volume":"21","author":"Yilmaz B.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.154808","article-title":"Persistent Organic Pollutants in Water Resources: Fate, Occurrence, Characterization and Risk Analysis","volume":"831","author":"Aravind Kumar J.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2540-2861","article-title":"Environmental Pollutants, Occupational Exposures, and Liver Disease","volume":"45","author":"Beier J. 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