{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T04:37:17Z","timestamp":1792816637743,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Environmental Toxicology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The aquatic biome is exposed to a significant threat of persistent contamination by polyethylene (PE) in the ecosystem. A critical research gap exists in PE\u2010induced tissue\u2010specific bioaccumulation, associated immune and stress responses in fish, followed by potential bioremediation solutions. The present study investigated the bioaccumulation of PE particles and subsequent oxidative stress in\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Labeo rohita<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    induced by two different doses (0.1 and 0.5\u2009mg\/L) over 2\u2009weeks. Additionally, the biodegradation potential of gut\u2010associated microbial isolates was also evaluated. We found that PE accumulation was highest in the intestine (33.0\u2009\u00b1\u20092.5 particles\/g), followed by gills (20.5\u2009\u00b1\u20091.9 particles\/g) and liver (8.0\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 particles\/g), indicating a significant, dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent increase. Substantially, it triggered a tissue\u2010wise oxidative stress response of antioxidant (\n                    <jats:italic>SOD<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CAT<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>GPx<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and stress marker (\n                    <jats:italic>Hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes, showing significant upregulation in gill, liver, and intestine. Furthermore, this work identified a gut\u2010associated bacterium,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    KG\u2010SD\u201015807, demonstrating significant PE biodegradation capability. Quantitative analysis revealed achievement of 3.00%\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16% weight loss over 30\u2009days of incubation. Qualitative characterization through FT\u2010IR, FE\u2010SEM, and GC\u2013MS analyses indicated polymer oxidation, surface erosion, and formation of distinct metabolic degradation intermediates. The present findings reveal the significant bioaccumulation and stress response due to PE in a commercially important fish,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Labeo rohita<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Moreover, the identified bacterium acted as a PE biodegradation agent. This research has significant implications for future explorations focused on the long\u2010term impacts of PE in aquatic animals and the optimization of biodegradation efficiency of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Proteus vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    for applied bioremediation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.70207","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T03:47:02Z","timestamp":1792813622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Investigation of Polyethylene (\n                    <scp>PE<\/scp>\n                    ) Exposure in\n                    <i>Labeo rohita<\/i>\n                    (Hamilton, 1822): Accumulation, Stress Responses and In\u00a0Vitro Biodegradation of\n                    <scp>PE<\/scp>\n                    by a Gut\u2010Associated Bacterium"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Sujata","family":"Dey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Laboratory ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore West Bengal India"},{"name":"Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology The University of Burdwan, Golapbag  Burdwan West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4128-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajaya Kumar","family":"Rout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries (Datia) Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University  Jhansi Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7760-2259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koushik","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aquaculture Laboratory, Department of Zoology The University of Burdwan, Golapbag  Burdwan West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vikash","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Laboratory ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajoy","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Laboratory ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basanta Kumar","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Laboratory ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4960-9768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bijay Kumar","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Laboratory ICAR\u2010Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute  Barrackpore West Bengal India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025\u2010326x(02)00220\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2021.125423"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2023.138801"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109913"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162874"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1913"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.02.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010018\u201034125\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2020.127040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201095996\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205\u2010014\u20100205\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/ajmr11.670"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2020.108862"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ieam.1915"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2023.131916"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-1050-2_3","volume-title":"Histopathology: Methods and Protocols","author":"Feldman A. 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