{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:14:24Z","timestamp":1792156464817,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32441040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32441040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Plant Genome"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nucleotide\u2010binding leucine\u2010rich repeat (NLR) genes constitute one of the largest families of plant immune receptors and are central to crop disease resistance. Rice (\n                    <jats:italic>Oryza sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.), maize (\n                    <jats:italic>Zea mays<\/jats:italic>\n                    L.), and sorghum (\n                    <jats:italic>Sorghum bicolor<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Moench) are major crops underpinning global food security, and enhancing their immunity is critical for yield stability. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of NLR repertoires across 75 genomes from these three grass crops, identifying 24,944 genes that exhibit extensive intra\u2010 and interspecific variation. The crops share broadly comparable domain architectures of NLR genes, despite their differences in gene number and genomic clustering pattern. We detected 68 integrated domains, revealing high diversity and pronounced lineage specificity. The pan\u2010NLR profiles of the three crops were generally similar, with strong lineage\u2010restricted expansion of NLR gene families. Cross\u2010species comparisons revealed distinct proportions of common gene and lineage\u2010specific genes between the crops, suggesting divergent evolutionary trajectories. Widespread presence\/absence variation of NLR genes was identified within each crop, with an enrichment in clustered loci. NLRs, especially clustered ones, were significantly enriched in disease\u2010resistance quantitative trait locus (QTL) hotspots, supporting their critical role in crop disease resistance. Notably, conserved\n                    <jats:italic>Rp1\u2010D<\/jats:italic>\n                    clusters co\u2010localized with resistance QTLs in the three crops, underscoring functional conservation and the translational potential of cross\u2010species NLR studies. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of NLRs in three major grass crops and provide a valuable genomic resource for enhancing crop disease resistance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/tpg2.70257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:20:16Z","timestamp":1779524416000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Pan\u2010NLRome analysis uncovers genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics among rice, maize and sorghum"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yanbo","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tashi","family":"Dorjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinzi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanzheng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shichao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Hathorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility  Warwick Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Department of Primary Industries (DPI) Hermitage Research Facility  Warwick Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Mace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility  Warwick Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Queensland Department of Primary Industries (DPI) Hermitage Research Facility  Warwick Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Jordan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI) The University of Queensland, Hermitage Research Facility  Warwick Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Upland Food Crops Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Guiyang China"},{"name":"Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Germplasm Innovation in Karst Region  Guiyang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaocui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zunyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Zunyi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yongfu","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Breeding, Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/CP17214"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14116"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.19.00903"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbi.2017.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1392-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaa002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nargab\/lqaa108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-021-01101-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab1087"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.15659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.112.107201"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koae113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.11.7.1365"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2020.101488"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.13262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-34630-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-019-1832-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","unstructured":"FAO. 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